{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T03:58:28Z","timestamp":1781236708090,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51OD011092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51OD011092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T07:16:13Z","timestamp":1766819773000},"page":"101297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Folate Profile in Tissues from Infant Primates Fed Folic Acid"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Kuchan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Pokala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5151-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Ehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R","family":"Draher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ujwal S","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Jesse F","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Neuringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"John W","family":"Erdman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.4.779","article-title":"Folate metabolism and requirements","volume":"129","author":"Bailey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib2","first-page":"172","article-title":"Megaloblastic anaemia: prevalence and causative factors, Natl","volume":"20","author":"Khanduri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. J. India."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.12.944","article-title":"Vitamin deficiencies and neural tube defects","volume":"51","author":"Smithells","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"8760","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90133-A","article-title":"Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study","volume":"338","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib5","series-title":"Dietary Reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.3.508","article-title":"Folate intake and food sources in the US population","volume":"50","author":"Subar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3030370","article-title":"Folic acid food fortification-its history, effect, concerns, and future directions","volume":"3","author":"Crider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib8","article-title":"Liang, Folates: Stability and interaction with biological molecules","volume":"2","author":"Wusigale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib9","series-title":"Present knowledge in nutrition","first-page":"239","article-title":"Chapter 14\u2014folate","author":"West","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.057562","article-title":"Effect of serum folate status on total folate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human skin","volume":"98","author":"Hasoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.201210","article-title":"Unmetabolized folic acid is detected in nearly all serum samples from US children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"145","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-41","article-title":"Folic acid fortification and public health: report on threshold doses above which unmetabolised folic acid appear in serum","volume":"7","author":"Sweeney","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38224-4","article-title":"Human milk unmetabolized folic acid is increased following supplementation with synthetic folic acid as compared to (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid","volume":"13","author":"Cochrane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.3.763","article-title":"Circulating folic acid in plasma: relation to folic acid fortification","volume":"88","author":"Kalmbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.6.1790","article-title":"Unmetabolized folic acid in serum: acute studies in subjects consuming fortified food and supplements","volume":"65","author":"Kelly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2017.1333929","article-title":"Association between serum unmetabolized folic acid concentrations and folic acid from fortified foods","volume":"36","author":"Palchetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.11.2975","article-title":"Mice deficient in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase exhibit tissue-specific distribution of folates","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2012.03.020","article-title":"Severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency in mice results in behavioral anomalies with morphological and biochemical changes in hippocampus","volume":"106","author":"Jadavji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib19","first-page":"888","article-title":"High dietary folate in pregnant mice leads to pseudo-MTHFR deficiency and altered methyl metabolism, with embryonic growth delay and short-term memory impairment in offspring","volume":"26","author":"Bahous","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib20","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effect of diet on folates levels and distribution in selected tissues of the rat","volume":"100","author":"Ladjimi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Int. Physiol. Biochim. Biophys."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.46.215","article-title":"Determination of folate derivatives in rat tissues during folate deficiency","volume":"46","author":"Nakata","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.5.433","article-title":"Mice deficient in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase exhibit hyperhomocysteinemia and decreased methylation capacity, with neuropathology and aortic lipid deposition","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050462","article-title":"Characterization and interrelations of one-carbon metabolites in tissues, erythrocytes, and plasma in mice with dietary induced folate deficiency","volume":"9","author":"Kopp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0577","article-title":"Relative distribution of folate species is associated with global DNA methylation in human colorectal mucosa","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100906","article-title":"Structural development of cortical lobes during the first 6 months of life in infant macaques","volume":"48","author":"Kovacs-Balint","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.021","article-title":"Non-human primates as a model for human development","volume":"16","author":"Nakamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1089\/cdd.1987.4.185","article-title":"Levels of dihydrofolate reductase in livers of birds, animals, primates, and man","volume":"4","author":"Whitehead","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902072106","article-title":"The extremely slow and variable activity of dihydrofolate reductase in human liver and its implications for high folic acid intake","volume":"106","author":"Bailey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx023","article-title":"Lutein is differentially deposited across brain regions following formula or breast feeding of infant rhesus macaques","volume":"148","author":"Jeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa174","article-title":"Infant rhesus macaque brain \u03b1-tocopherol stereoisomer profile is differentially impacted by the source of \u03b1-tocopherol in infant formula","volume":"150","author":"Kuchan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.CS2011_06","article-title":"Determination of total folates in infant formula and adult nutritionals by trienzyme extraction and UPLC-MS\/MS Quantitation: First Action 2011.06","volume":"95","author":"Szpylka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3214","article-title":"5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate dissociates into tetrahydrofolate and formaldehyde at physiological pH and acidic pH, typical conditions used during sample extraction and LC-MS\/MS analysis of biological samples","volume":"28","author":"J\u00e4gerstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9758","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4028427","article-title":"Occurrence, stability, and determination of formyl folates in foods","volume":"61","author":"J\u00e4gerstad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198409000-00023","article-title":"A longitudinal study of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) milk composition: trace elements, minerals, protein, carbohydrate, and fat","volume":"18","author":"L\u00f6nnerdal","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.02.004","article-title":"Clinical implications of folate transport in the central nervous system","volume":"41","author":"Alam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-072610-145133","article-title":"Mechanisms of membrane transport of folates into cells and across epithelia","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.11.2819","article-title":"Folate receptor function is regulated in response to different cellular growth rates in cultured mammalian cells","volume":"131","author":"Doucette","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018829920158","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier transport of reduced folic acid","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.01.002","article-title":"A review of folate receptor alpha cycling and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate accumulation with an emphasis on cell models in vitro","volume":"56","author":"Kamen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Del. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60230a044","article-title":"Oxidation of tetrahydrofolic acid by air","volume":"28","author":"Reed","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.138909","article-title":"Oxidation product of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate: structure elucidation, synthesis, and biological safety evaluation","volume":"1316","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08678.x","article-title":"In vitro studies of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: inhibition by folate derivatives, folate antagonists, and monoamine derivatives","volume":"38","author":"Hollinger","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90324-7","article-title":"Rabbit brain purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Physical and chemical properties. Inhibition studies with aminopterin, folic acid and structurally related compounds","volume":"190","author":"Lewis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.137968","article-title":"Total folate and unmetabolized folic acid in the breast milk of a cross-section of Canadian women","volume":"105","author":"Page","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.037523","article-title":"Folate-status response to a controlled folate intake in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating women","volume":"96","author":"West","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.2.285","article-title":"Maternal folate status during extended lactation and the effect of supplemental folic acid","volume":"69","author":"Mackey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26564","article-title":"Unmetabolized folic acid and total folate concentrations in breast milk are unaffected by low-dose folate supplements","volume":"89","author":"Houghton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122397","article-title":"Absorption and tissue distribution of folate forms in rats: indications for specific folate form supplementation during pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Bobrowski-Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662500803X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662500803X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T03:31:41Z","timestamp":1781235101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002231662500803X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S002231662500803X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Folate Profile in Tissues from Infant Primates Fed Folic Acid","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.101297","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101297"}}