{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T01:50:12Z","timestamp":1782870612001,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018602","name":"Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R03HD102513-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03HD102513-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007886","name":"Fondation Nestl\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:32:16Z","timestamp":1774078336000},"page":"101491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Child Hemoglobin Trajectories across the First 10 Years of Life and Association with Child Cognition and Academic Achievement at 10\u201311 Years"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa F","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan Mai","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Abul","family":"Kalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long Quynh","family":"Khuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynaldo","family":"Martorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00084-5","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of anaemia by severity in women and children for 2000\u201319: a pooled analysis of population-representative data","volume":"10","author":"Stevens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14092","article-title":"Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"1450","author":"Chaparro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05489-6","article-title":"Maternal low and high hemoglobin concentrations and associations with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes: an updated global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"9799","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60555-2","article-title":"Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development","volume":"378","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9555","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60032-4","article-title":"Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries","volume":"369","author":"Grantham-McGregor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9556","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60076-2","article-title":"Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries","volume":"369","author":"Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14985","article-title":"Accelerating action to reduce anemia: review of causes and risk factors and related data needs","volume":"1523","author":"Hess","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2006.may.S34-S43","article-title":"Long-lasting neural and behavioral effects of iron deficiency in infancy","volume":"64","author":"Lozoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00331.x","article-title":"Case study on iron in mental development\u2014in memory of John Beard (1947\u20132009)","volume":"68","author":"Osendarp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib10","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Infant and Child Development","first-page":"449","article-title":"Nutrition and child development","author":"Black","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06130.x","article-title":"Behavior of infants with iron-deficiency anemia","volume":"69","author":"Lozoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"2S\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.649S","article-title":"A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children","volume":"131","author":"Grantham-McGregor","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2828G","article-title":"Neurodevelopment: the impact of nutrition and inflammation during infancy in low-resource settings","volume":"139","author":"Krebs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14105","article-title":"Effects of increased hemoglobin on child growth, development, and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1450","author":"Larson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-898","article-title":"Rationale, design, methodology and sample characteristics for the Vietnam pre-conceptual micronutrient supplementation trial (PRECONCEPT): a randomized controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.223420","article-title":"Neither preconceptional weekly multiple micronutrient nor iron-folic acid supplements affect birth size and gestational age compared with a folic acid supplement alone in rural Vietnamese women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"146","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.250597","article-title":"Preconception micronutrient supplementation with iron and folic acid compared with folic acid alone affects linear growth and fine motor development at 2 years of age: a randomized controlled trial in Vietnam","volume":"147","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa423","article-title":"Preconception micronutrient supplementation positively affects child intellectual functioning at 6 y of age: a randomized controlled trial in Vietnam","volume":"113","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.015","article-title":"Long-term association between maternal preconception hemoglobin concentration, anemia, and child health and development in Vietnam","volume":"153","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1114101","article-title":"Maternal hemoglobin concentrations across pregnancy and child health and development from birth through 6\u20137 years","volume":"10","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib21","series-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children","author":"Wechsler","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-011-0099-5","article-title":"Adaptation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) for Vietnam","volume":"56","author":"Dang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Stud. (Mysore)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib23","series-title":"Oxford Department of International Development (ODID)","article-title":"Making Progress: Report of the Young Lives School Survey in Vietnam, Young Lives","author":"Rolleston","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib24","series-title":"Hemocue. Hemocue Hb301","year":"2012"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167416","article-title":"Impact of preconception micronutrient supplementation on anemia and iron status during pregnancy and postpartum: a randomized controlled trial in rural Vietnam","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib26","series-title":"Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib28","series-title":"Infant and young child feeding","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czl029","article-title":"Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis","volume":"21","author":"Vyas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib30","series-title":"HOME Inventory administration manual, Comprehensive edition: Little Rock (AR): AR Print Design","author":"Caldwell","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S265287","article-title":"Trajectory modelling techniques useful to epidemiological research: a comparative narrative review of approaches","volume":"12","author":"Nguena Nguefack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.84.6.480","article-title":"Should infants be screened for anaemia? A prospective study investigating the relation between haemoglobin at 8, 12, and 18 months and development at 18 months","volume":"84","author":"Sherriff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-12300-8","article-title":"Association of hemoglobin level trajectories with clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis or shock: a retrospective observational study","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","article-title":"Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: a Monte Carlo simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Nylund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Modeling"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12751","article-title":"Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso","volume":"58","author":"Prado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13057","article-title":"A path analysis of nutrition, stimulation, and child development among young children in Bihar, India","volume":"89","author":"Larson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib37","first-page":"163","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia","volume":"2","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298967","article-title":"Is child anemia associated with early childhood development? A cross-sectional analysis of nine Demographic and Health Surveys","volume":"19","author":"Benedict","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib39","series-title":"Nurturing care for early childhood development: a framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14139","article-title":"Hemoglobin concentration and anemia diagnosis in venous and capillary blood: biological basis and policy implications","volume":"1450","author":"Neufeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14124","article-title":"Methods and analyzers for hemoglobin measurement in clinical laboratories and field settings","volume":"1450","author":"Whitehead","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100290","article-title":"Emerging evidence and critical issues with the use of single-drop capillary blood for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration in population-level anemia surveys","volume":"15","author":"Karakochuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100293","article-title":"Time for paradigm shift in anemia assessment?","volume":"15","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"10064","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31389-7","article-title":"Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course","volume":"389","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15297","article-title":"Nurturing care in the first 10 years of life: results from a Vietnamese longitudinal study","volume":"1545","author":"Tran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib46","series-title":"WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib47","series-title":"Accelerating anaemia reduction: a comprehensive framework for action","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib48","series-title":"WHO guidelines on optimal feeding of low birth-weight infants in low- and middle-income countries","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e717","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(25)00146-2","article-title":"Getting back on track to meet global anaemia reduction targets: a Lancet Haematology Commission","volume":"12","author":"Atkinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626001409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626001409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T01:39:42Z","timestamp":1782869982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316626001409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316626001409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Child Hemoglobin Trajectories across the First 10 Years of Life and Association with Child Cognition and Academic Achievement at 10\u201311 Years","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101491","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101491"}}