{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:28:18Z","timestamp":1786750098777,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"The Dam Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006475","name":"Trond Mohn Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:21:46Z","timestamp":1780417306000},"page":"101625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Marked Changes in One-Carbon Metabolism on a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial (CARBFUNC)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Br\u00e5tveit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Laupsa\u2212Borge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonje","family":"Bj\u00f8rnstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine","family":"Sommersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclen","family":"Arslan Lied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottar","family":"Nyg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Mellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Dierkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Nitter Dankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10440","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1999.00512.x","article-title":"Total homocysteine and cardiovascular disease","volume":"246","author":"Nyg\u00e5rd","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.04.083","article-title":"Plasma cystathionine and risk of acute myocardial infarction among patients with coronary heart disease: results from two independent cohorts","volume":"266","author":"Dhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008824","article-title":"Plasma cystathionine and risk of incident stroke in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris","volume":"7","author":"Dhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa224","article-title":"Choline metabolism and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure in the PREDIMED study","volume":"67","author":"Papandreou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008190","article-title":"Plasma concentrations and dietary intakes of choline and betaine in association with atrial fibrillation risk: results from 3 prospective cohorts with different health profiles","volume":"7","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13610","article-title":"Plasma methylmalonic acid predicts risk of acute myocardial infarction and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a prospective 2-cohort study","volume":"293","author":"Dhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037883","article-title":"Betaine and secondary events in an acute coronary syndrome cohort","volume":"7","author":"Lever","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00174-2","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cancer and a new potential tumor marker","volume":"322","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.8.1403","article-title":"Fasting plasma homocysteine levels in the insulin resistance syndrome: the Framingham offspring study","volume":"24","author":"Meigs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-021-00933-9","article-title":"Association between homocysteine and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010883","article-title":"\u03b1-Hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population","volume":"5","author":"Gall","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101741","article-title":"Mitochondria-derived methylmalonic acid, a surrogate biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1476551","article-title":"Association between oxidative balance score and cardiovascular diseases: mediating analysis of methylmalonic acid based on the NHANES database","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510005209","article-title":"A whole-grain cereal-rich diet increases plasma betaine, and tends to decrease total and LDL-cholesterol compared with a refined-grain diet in healthy subjects","volume":"105","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26531","article-title":"Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine in middle-aged and elderly men and women","volume":"88","author":"Konstantinova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.09.008","article-title":"Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study","volume":"46","author":"Lind","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-023-00853-w","article-title":"Healthy Nordic diet and associations with plasma concentrations of metabolites in the choline oxidation pathway: a cross-sectional study from Northern Sweden","volume":"22","author":"Hesselink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507691788","article-title":"Dietary predictors of plasma total homocysteine in the Hordaland Homocysteine Study","volume":"98","author":"Konstantinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1598","article-title":"Dietary fat and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in 2 adult age groups: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study","volume":"85","author":"Berstad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S33473","article-title":"Comparison with ancestral diets suggests dense acellular carbohydrates promote an inflammatory microbiota, and may be the primary dietary cause of leptin resistance and obesity","volume":"5","author":"Spreadbury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2018.1512716","article-title":"Plasma choline, homocysteine and vitamin status in healthy adults supplemented with krill oil: a pilot study","volume":"78","author":"Bj\u00f8rndal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib23","first-page":"1678","article-title":"Association between dietary macronutrient composition and plasma one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin cofactors in patients with stable angina pectoris","volume":"131","author":"Br\u00e5tveit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.01.005","article-title":"An integrated understanding of the rapid metabolic benefits of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on hepatic steatosis in humans","volume":"27","author":"Mardinoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad017","article-title":"Effects of very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets on lipid profiles in normal-weight (body mass index < 25 kg\/m2) adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Joo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","article-title":"Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: a meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Soto-Mota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1S","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.113","article-title":"Executive summary","volume":"9","author":"Freedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533608326138","article-title":"An overview of the ketogenic diet for pediatric epilepsy","volume":"23","author":"Zupec-Kania","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.028","article-title":"Diets differing in carbohydrate cellularity and amount similarly reduced visceral fat in people with obesity - a randomized controlled trial (CARBFUNC)","volume":"41","author":"Sommersten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521002580","article-title":"Meal patterns associated with energy intake in people with obesity","volume":"128","author":"Horn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02325","article-title":"Combined measurement of 6 fat-soluble vitamins and 26 water-soluble functional vitamin markers and amino acids in 50 \u03bcL of serum or plasma by high-throughput mass spectrometry","volume":"88","author":"Midttun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6602-6","article-title":"High-throughput, low-volume, multianalyte quantification of plasma metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism using HPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"405","author":"Midttun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.44.7.592","article-title":"Microbiological assay for vitamin B12 performed in 96-well microtitre plates","volume":"44","author":"Kelleher","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5713","article-title":"Seven myths of randomisation in clinical trials","volume":"32","author":"Senn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021403","article-title":"Problems with using the normal distribution--and ways to improve quality and efficiency of data analysis","volume":"6","author":"Limpert","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1020678","article-title":"Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study","volume":"10","author":"Laupsa-Borge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20001130)19:22<3109::AID-SIM558>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Sympercents: symmetric percentage differences on the 100 log(e) scale simplify the presentation of log transformed data","volume":"19","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774505cn119oa","article-title":"Direct likelihood analysis versus simple forms of imputation for missing data in randomized clinical trials","volume":"2","author":"Beunckens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Trials."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.012","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing repeated outcome measurements did not add to linear mixed-effects models","volume":"65","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.017","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing values was not necessary before performing a longitudinal mixed-model analysis","volume":"66","author":"Twisk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0","article-title":"Adjusting for multiple testing--when and how?","volume":"54","author":"Bender","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2022.12.030","article-title":"Relationship between ketones, ghrelin, and, appetite on isocaloric diets with varying carbohydrate quality and amount: results from a randomized controlled trial in people with obesity (CARBFUNC)","volume":"153","author":"Sommersten","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057387","article-title":"Hepatic methionine homeostasis is conserved in C57BL\/6N mice on high-fat diet despite major changes in hepatic one-carbon metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Dahlhoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26499","article-title":"Finding the balance: the role of S-adenosylmethionine and phosphatidylcholine metabolism in development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1626352","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diets reduce cardiovascular risk factor levels in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Pi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.123463","article-title":"Visceral adiposity and metabolic syndrome after very high-fat and low-fat isocaloric diets: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Veum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(75)90481-7","article-title":"The formation of 2-hydroxybutyric acid in experimental animals","volume":"58","author":"Landaas","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta."},{"issue":"4756","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/1881110a0","article-title":"Reduction of \u03b1-ketobutyrate by human serum","volume":"188","author":"Rosalki","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05460.x","article-title":"The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial glutathione levels","volume":"106","author":"Jarrett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14080401","article-title":"Changes in serum metabolome following low-energy diet-induced weight loss in women with overweight and prediabetes: a PREVIEW-New Zealand sub-study","volume":"14","author":"Relva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36674-9","article-title":"Diverse metabolic reactions activated during 58-hr fasting are revealed by non-targeted metabolomic analysis of human blood","volume":"9","author":"Teruya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-010-0255-2","article-title":"Metabolomics of prolonged fasting in humans reveals new catabolic markers","volume":"7","author":"Rubio-Aliaga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf570","article-title":"A very-low energy fast involves increased adipose inflammatory gene expression: a 6-day feeding trial (FASTOMICS-6)","volume":"111","author":"Br\u00e5tveit","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19786","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R112.357194","article-title":"Resurgence of serine: an often neglected but indispensable amino acid","volume":"287","author":"Kalhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2640-5","article-title":"Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates","volume":"50","author":"Gorissen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5266","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.185991","article-title":"Metabolic and genomic response to dietary isocaloric protein restriction in the rat","volume":"286","author":"Kalhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib57","article-title":"Dietary and pharmacological induction of serine synthesis genes","author":"Vazquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.33","article-title":"cMyc-mediated activation of serine biosynthesis pathway is critical for cancer progression under nutrient deprivation conditions","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00311-7","article-title":"NAD+ metabolism: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106469","article-title":"A unifying mechanism of ketogenic diet action: the multiple roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide","volume":"167","author":"Elamin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071714-034330","article-title":"Direct and functional biomarkers of vitamin B6 status","volume":"35","author":"Ueland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109906","article-title":"Plasma content of B6 vitamers and its relationship to hepatic vitamin B6 metabolism","volume":"66","author":"Lumeng","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01732.x","article-title":"Glomerular filtration rate as measured by serum cystatin C is an important determinant of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonic acid in the elderly","volume":"261","author":"Lewerin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0288-5","article-title":"Effect of glycemic index and carbohydrate intake on kidney function in healthy adults","volume":"17","author":"Juraschek","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2016.00027","article-title":"Biomarkers and algorithms for the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Hannibal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.07.007","article-title":"Biological effects of propionic acid in humans; metabolism, potential applications and underlying mechanisms","volume":"1801","author":"Al-Lahham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00388.x","article-title":"Propionate as a health-promoting microbial metabolite in the human gut","volume":"69","author":"Hosseini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26787-7","article-title":"MMAB promotes negative feedback control of cholesterol homeostasis","volume":"12","author":"Goedeke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39842-4","article-title":"Effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fat diets on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins in man","volume":"21","author":"Shepherd","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80213-5","article-title":"The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor","volume":"89","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114523002490","article-title":"Time-resolved concentrations of serum amino acids, one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin biomarkers during the postprandial and fasting state: the Postprandial Metabolism in Healthy Young Adults (PoMet) Study","volume":"131","author":"Anfinsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.1.57","article-title":"Elevated plasma 4-pyridoxic acid in renal insufficiency","volume":"75","author":"Coburn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614551642","article-title":"Beyond power calculations: assessing Type S (Sign) and Type M (magnitude) errors","volume":"9","author":"Gelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625_bib74","series-title":"A mixed model approach for intent-to-treat analysis in longitudinal clinical trials with missing values","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626002749?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626002749?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:23:51Z","timestamp":1786749831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316626002749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316626002749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Marked Changes in One-Carbon Metabolism on a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial (CARBFUNC)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101625","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101625"}}