{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:17:28Z","timestamp":1788520648306,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT34635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT34635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALLRP 580904-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALLRP 580904-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:20Z","timestamp":1784246420000},"page":"101733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum Metabolomics Reveals Impaired Fatty Acid Oxidation and Elevated One-Carbon Demand in Cats Fed a Low-Protein Diet Compared with a Low-Fat or Low-Carbohydrate Diet"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2102-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janelle","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcia","family":"Kostiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Saunders","family":"Blades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Kate","family":"Shoveller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6366-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adronie","family":"Verbrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Canine and feline obesity: a review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical management","volume":"6","author":"Loftus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Res. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.17221\/145\/2015-VETMED","article-title":"Feline obesity-prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review","volume":"61","author":"Tarkosova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.7.1940S","article-title":"The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats","volume":"136","author":"German","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.08.005","article-title":"Understanding and managing obesity in dogs and cats","volume":"6","author":"Laflamme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000140","article-title":"Metabolomics as a tool in nutritional research","volume":"26","author":"Gibbons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299375","article-title":"Description of the fasted serum metabolomic signature of lean and obese cats at maintenance and of obese cats under energy restriction","volume":"19","author":"Grant","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168144","article-title":"Metabolic profiling reveals effects of age, sexual development and neutering in plasma of young male cats","volume":"11","author":"Allaway","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522003385","article-title":"Circulating direct infusion MS and NMR metabolomic profiles of post-gonadectomy kittens with or without additional dietary choline supplementation","volume":"130","author":"Godfrey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280734","article-title":"Serum metabolomic analysis of the dose-response effect of dietary choline in overweight male cats fed at maintenance energy requirements","volume":"18","author":"Rankovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12080697","article-title":"Metabolic profiles of feline obesity revealed by untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches","volume":"12","author":"Bari\u0107 Rafaj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2174\/2213235X03666141216203315","article-title":"Nutritional metabolomics: lessons from companion animals","volume":"3","author":"Allaway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Metabolomics."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib12","article-title":"Metabolic alterations associated with rapidly progressive chronic kidney disease in cats","volume":"39","author":"van Mulders","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-022-01925-4","article-title":"Metabolomic changes in cats with renal disease and calcium oxalate uroliths","volume":"18","author":"Jewell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88707-5","article-title":"Untargeted metabolomic analysis in cats with naturally occurring inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary small cell lymphoma","volume":"11","author":"Marsilio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91770-x","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of serum alterations and biomarker discovery in feline hepatic liposis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-013-0617-7","article-title":"Effects of dietary macronutrient composition on the fasted plasma metabolome of healthy adult cats","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.6.1053","article-title":"Cats are able to adapt protein oxidation to protein intake provided their requirement for dietary protein is met","volume":"138","author":"Green","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-1868-1","article-title":"Comparison of expression of glucokinase gene and activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in livers between dog and cat","volume":"29","author":"Tanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib19","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR200238","article-title":"Idiosyncratic nutrient requirements of cats appear to be diet-induced evolutionary adaptations","volume":"15","author":"Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5072811","article-title":"Peculiarities of one-carbon metabolism in the strict carnivorous cat and the role in feline hepatic lipidosis","volume":"5","author":"Verbrugghe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1588330","article-title":"Isoenergetic reduction of dietary macronutrients affects body composition, physical activity, and post-prandial hormone responses in lean and obese cats fed to maintain body weight","volume":"12","author":"Godfrey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib23","first-page":"13","article-title":"Development and validation of a body condition score system for cats: a clinical tool","volume":"25","author":"Laflamme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Feline. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaf081","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf081","article-title":"Isoenergetic reduction of dietary macronutrients modulates respiratory quotients and heat increment of feeding but not energy expenditure in cats","volume":"103","author":"Godfrey","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510000358","article-title":"The glucose and insulin response to isoenergetic reduction of dietary energy sources in a true carnivore: the domestic cat (Felis catus)","volume":"104","author":"Verbrugghe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib26","series-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","article-title":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists","author":"Cunniff","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib27","series-title":"Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the","author":"Firestone","year":"1989"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22335","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA01574K","article-title":"Advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for investigation of metabolites","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016957","article-title":"The human serum metabolome","volume":"6","author":"Psychogios","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate\u2014a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1530509100","article-title":"Statistical significance for genomewide studies","volume":"100","author":"Storey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470122952.ch4","article-title":"Creatine: biosynthesis, regulation, and function","volume":"50","author":"Walker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.187","article-title":"Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status","volume":"43","author":"Ueland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.8.1403","article-title":"Fasting plasma homocysteine levels in the insulin resistance syndrome: the Framingham offspring study","volume":"24","author":"Meigs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.15-54","article-title":"Association of homocysteine level with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-003-0026-8","article-title":"Homocysteine and oxidative stress, Amino","volume":"25","author":"Perna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acids"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X19868549","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine concentration in privately owned healthy adult cats: assessment of biological determinants and establishment of a reference interval","volume":"22","author":"Drut","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Feline. Med. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0105","article-title":"Adaptations to excess choline in insulin resistant and Pcyt2 deficient skeletal muscle","volume":"95","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E409","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1980.238.5.E409","article-title":"Carnitine metabolism in normal-weight and obese human subjects during fasting","volume":"238","author":"Hoppel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.510","article-title":"Increased levels of plasma acylcarnitines in obesity and type 2 diabetes and identification of a marker of glucolipotoxicity","volume":"18","author":"Mihalik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes. Silver Spring Md."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.64.082201.154705","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation disorders","volume":"64","author":"Rinaldo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-216689","article-title":"Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and carnitine\/acylcarnitine translocase are involved in the mitochondrial synthesis and export of acylcarnitines","volume":"27","author":"Violante","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.129","article-title":"Acylcarnitines\u2014old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology","volume":"11","author":"McCoin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082196","article-title":"Serum lipid, amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles of obese cats supplemented with dietary choline and fed to maintenance energy requirements","volume":"11","author":"Verbrugghe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114444","article-title":"Phospholipid remodeling in physiology and disease","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010173","article-title":"Associations between dietary protein sources, plasma bcaa and short-chain acylcarnitine levels in adults","volume":"11","author":"Rousseau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00017","article-title":"Comparison of visceral fat accumulation and metabolome markers among cats of varying BCS and novel classification of feline obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Okada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.2174\/138161205774913255","article-title":"Uric acid and oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Glantzounis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063188","article-title":"Uric acid and oxidative stress-relationship with cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal impairment","volume":"23","author":"Gherghina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2044-8277","article-title":"Protein turnover in skeletal muscle: looking at molecular regulation towards an active lifestyle","volume":"44","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.3.456","article-title":"Net protein oxidation is adapted to dietary protein intake in domestic cats (Felis Silvestris Catus)","volume":"132","author":"Russell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.216275","article-title":"Amino acid oxidation increases with dietary protein content in adult neutered male cats as measured using [1-13C]l eucine and [15N2]urea","volume":"145","author":"Wester","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"5203","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/223300a0","article-title":"In vitro methylation of muscle proteins","volume":"223","author":"Hardy","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0560341","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in the rate of myofibrillar protein degradation in humans as assessed by 3-methylhistidine and creatinine excretion","volume":"56","author":"Tomas","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880060605","article-title":"Content of methylhistidines in normal and pathological human skeletal muscles","volume":"6","author":"Mussini","year":"1983","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0048","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers of meat consumption","volume":"20","author":"Cross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2014.03.001","article-title":"Dietary trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed a high fat diet","volume":"118","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7815","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802057105","article-title":"High-fat diets cause insulin resistance despite an increase in muscle mitochondria","volume":"105","author":"Hancock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0417","article-title":"High-fat diet causes mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of impaired ADP sensitivity","volume":"67","author":"Miotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.09.011","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity","volume":"1801","author":"Schrauwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(82)90228-6","article-title":"Dynamics of insulin and glucagon secretion by the isolated perfused cat pancreas","volume":"72","author":"Curry","year":"1982","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0414","article-title":"Insulin responses to administrations of amino acids and fatty acids in healthy cats","volume":"73","author":"Yasuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aalag013","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag013","article-title":"Circulating lipid profiles and post-prandial glucose and insulin in response to dietary macronutrient composition in lean and obese cats","volume":"40","author":"Godfrey","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1953-x","article-title":"Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis: correlations with insulin resistance and disease activity scores, Amino","volume":"47","author":"Dimitroulas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib66","first-page":"29","article-title":"Weight loss modifies lipid peroxidation and symmetric dimethylarginine levels in obese dogs","volume":"87","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.10.023","article-title":"Dimethylarginines at the crossroad of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Zsuga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1479-z","article-title":"Lower plasma trans-4-hydroxyproline and methionine sulfoxide levels are associated with insulin dysregulation in horses","volume":"14","author":"Ken\u00e9z","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46829-0","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide impairs \u03b2-cell function and glucose tolerance","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1569330","article-title":"Diabetes is associated with higher trimethylamine n-oxide plasma levels","volume":"124","author":"Dambrova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.021","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-Oxide binds and activates PERK to promote metabolic dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14759","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-Oxide promotes age-related vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in mice and healthy humans","volume":"76","author":"Brunt","year":"1979","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00350","article-title":"Elevated circulating trimethylamine n-oxide levels contribute to endothelial dysfunction in aged rats through vascular inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1552","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00134.2007","article-title":"Obesity-related elevations in plasma leucine are associated with alterations in enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism","volume":"293","author":"She","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0312","article-title":"Impaired adiponectin signaling contributes to disturbed catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in diabetic mice","volume":"64","author":"Lian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.159204","article-title":"Altered branched-chain \u03b1-keto acid metabolism is a feature of NAFLD in individuals with severe obesity","volume":"7","author":"Grenier-Larouche","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107593","article-title":"Splanchnic glucose and amino acid metabolism in obesity","volume":"53","author":"Felig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11050324","article-title":"Effects of weight loss and moderate-protein, high-fiber diet consumption on the fasted serum metabolome of cats","volume":"11","author":"Pallotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib79","article-title":"Replacement of isoleucine and leucine by their keto acids leads to increased formation of \u03b1-hydroxy acids in chinese hamster ovary cells","volume":"20","author":"Reifenberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotechol. J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-016-0118-y","article-title":"Regulation of mTORC1 by growth factors, energy status, amino acids and mechanical stimuli at a glance","volume":"13","author":"Bond","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"issue":"6268","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab2674","article-title":"Sestrin2 is a leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway","volume":"351","author":"Wolfson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C518","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00062.2016","article-title":"Ketoisocaproic acid, a metabolite of leucine, suppresses insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells in a BCAT2-dependent manner","volume":"311","author":"Moghei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.17094\/vetsci.1499578","article-title":"The relationship between lipid profile, oxidative stress, and thiol-disulfide levels in healthy, naturally overweight and obese cats","volume":"19","author":"Kurtdede","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Sci. Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-09940-5","article-title":"Feline obesity causes hematological and biochemical changes and oxidative stress \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"47","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib85","first-page":"9","article-title":"A profile of male and female cat growth","volume":"2","author":"Douglass","year":"1988","journal-title":"Companion Anim Pract."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12449702","article-title":"Postprandial glycaemia in cats fed a moderate carbohydrate meal persists for a median of 12 hours\u2014female cats have higher peak glucose concentrations","volume":"14","author":"Farrow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Feline. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2013.11.006","article-title":"Obesity and sex influence insulin resistance and total and multimer adiponectin levels in adult neutered domestic shorthair client-owned cats","volume":"47","author":"Bjornvad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R936","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90771.2008","article-title":"The impact of obesity, sex, and diet on hepatic glucose production in cats","volume":"296","author":"Kley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2080-9","article-title":"Association of circulating adipokine concentrations with indices of adiposity and sex in healthy, adult client owned cats","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626003822?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626003822?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:39:21Z","timestamp":1788518361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316626003822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316626003822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum Metabolomics Reveals Impaired Fatty Acid Oxidation and Elevated One-Carbon Demand in Cats Fed a Low-Protein Diet Compared with a Low-Fat or Low-Carbohydrate Diet","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101733","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101733"}}