{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:50:41Z","timestamp":1791921041596,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,9,11]],"date-time":"2027-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1820620800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":345,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3-R01NS122510-03S2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3-R01NS122510-03S2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21HD088169-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21HD088169-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T23:21:14Z","timestamp":1787095274000},"page":"101792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Moderate Compared With Low Serum \u03c9-3 PUFAs Are Associated With Favorable Scholastic Outcomes in Ugandan Adolescents Regardless of Perinatal HIV Status"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Vanessa N","family":"Cardino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshika","family":"Avidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Giordani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K","family":"Zalwango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenifer I","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amara E","family":"Ezeamama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081933","article-title":"New perspectives on the associations between blood fatty acids, growth parameters, and cognitive development in global child populations","volume":"15","author":"Cardino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Association between dietary intake and 'school-valued' outcomes: a scoping review","volume":"32","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-011-9936-0","article-title":"What is most important: social factors, health selection, and adolescent educational achievement","volume":"110","author":"Roos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01545.x","article-title":"Fish consumption and school grades in Swedish adolescents: a study of the large general population","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib5","article-title":"Individuals with depression exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids experience improved motivation-related cognitive function: preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Mac Giollabhui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02064-w","article-title":"Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents","volume":"32","author":"Pinar-Mart\u00ed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.058719","article-title":"Omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio and higher-order cognitive functions in 7- to 9-y-olds: a cross-sectional study","volume":"98","author":"Sheppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.11.003","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid levels in erythrocytes and their association with the University Selection Test outcomes in Chile","volume":"139","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900201","article-title":"Dietary \u03c9-3 fatty acid supplementation for optimizing neuronal structure and function","volume":"54","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516003494","article-title":"Whole-blood fatty acids are associated with executive function in Tanzanian children aged 4\u20136 years: a cross-sectional study","volume":"116","author":"Jumbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01937-6","article-title":"The physiological and pathological properties of Mead acid, an endogenous multifunctional n\u20139 polyunsaturated fatty acid","volume":"22","author":"Kawashima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.01.012","article-title":"Dynamic interactions of n\u20133 and n\u20136 fatty acid nutrients","volume":"136","author":"Lands","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib13","first-page":"945","article-title":"The effects of the association between a high-fat diet and physical exercise on BDNF expression in the hippocampus: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"da Silva Gomes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.193","article-title":"Hypervulnerability of the adolescent prefrontal cortex to nutritional stress via reelin deficiency","volume":"22","author":"Labouesse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003483","article-title":"Immune activation is associated with neurocognitive performance in Ugandan adolescents living with HIV","volume":"97","author":"Dirajlal-Fargo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020279","article-title":"Immune and metabolic alterations in children with perinatal HIV exposure","volume":"15","author":"du Toit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00459-0","article-title":"Growth and neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children: a conceptual framework","volume":"16","author":"Wedderburn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071613","article-title":"Fatty acids composition and HIV infection: altered levels of n\u20136 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with disease progression","volume":"15","author":"Ueland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252746","article-title":"School functioning of children with perinatal HIV-infection in high-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"van Opstal","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08669-7","article-title":"Dietary diversity and associated factors among adolescents in eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Isabirye","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.09.030","article-title":"A longitudinal study of baseline fatty acid concentrations and executive function over 12 months among adolescents with and without perinatal HIV exposure or infection from Kampala, Uganda","volume":"155","author":"Cardino","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2016.08.009","article-title":"Risk factors associated with plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels in patients with suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"113","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31817fb76b","article-title":"Serum linoleic acid status as a clinical indicator of essential fatty acid status in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"47","author":"Maqbool","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.22359","volume":"47","author":"Coventry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Nurs. Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092020","article-title":"Vitamin D and probability of developmental disorders among perinatally HIV-affected and unaffected Ugandan children","volume":"15","author":"Awadu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E928","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.08.16","article-title":"P value interpretations and considerations","volume":"8","author":"Thiese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626004414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626004414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:27:22Z","timestamp":1791919642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316626004414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316626004414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Moderate Compared With Low Serum \u03c9-3 PUFAs Are Associated With Favorable Scholastic Outcomes in Ugandan Adolescents Regardless of Perinatal HIV Status","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101792","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101792"}}