{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:26:24Z","timestamp":1793877984308,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004387","name":"Cargill Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004387","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:37:19Z","timestamp":1788244639000},"page":"101814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Stevia Consumption Does Not Alter Endocrine Responses in Individuals with Normal Weight, Overweight, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corey E","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caryn G","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas K","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith L","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana L","family":"Guarneiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib1","series-title":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) Results [Internet].","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib2","series-title":"Adult Obesity Facts [Internet].","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib3","series-title":"National Diabetes Statistics Report [Internet].","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00157-8","article-title":"Understanding the cause of type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071609","article-title":"Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review","volume":"381","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422420000268","article-title":"The drivers, trends and dietary impacts of non-nutritive sweeteners in the food supply: a narrative review","volume":"34","author":"Russell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.107070","article-title":"Oral glucose sensing in cephalic phase insulin release","volume":"191","author":"Pullicin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2011.8.293","article-title":"Physiology of incretins in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Deacon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-019-0814-6","article-title":"Non-nutritive sweeteners and glycaemic control","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030644","article-title":"Non-nutritive sweeteners and their implications on the development of metabolic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Liauchonak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.01.014","article-title":"Short-term consumption of sucralose with, but not without, carbohydrate impairs neural and metabolic sensitivity to sugar in humans","volume":"31","author":"Dalenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115123","article-title":"Sweet stimuli induce cephalic phase insulin release to varying degrees in humans","volume":"303","author":"Pullicin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00444","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of low-calorie and non-calorie sweeteners","volume":"11","author":"Moriconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03187-9","article-title":"Nutritive\/non-nutritive sweeteners and high fat diet contribute to dysregulation of sweet taste receptors and metabolic derangements in oral, intestinal and central nervous tissues","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2012.08.005","article-title":"Oral and extra-oral taste perception","volume":"24","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.05.005","article-title":"Artificial sweeteners produce the counterintuitive effect of inducing metabolic derangements","volume":"24","author":"Swithers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0129-3","article-title":"Hormonal responses to non-nutritive sweeteners in water and diet soda","volume":"13","author":"Sylvetsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1475","article-title":"Non-nutritive sweeteners and their role in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"97","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80080-8","article-title":"Endocrine cells in human intestine: an immunocytochemical study","volume":"85","author":"Sj\u00f6lund","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.04.010","article-title":"How non-nutritive sweeteners influence hormones and health","volume":"29","author":"Rother","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.06.024","article-title":"Metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners","volume":"152","author":"Pepino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2221","article-title":"Sucralose affects glycemic and hormonal responses to an oral glucose load","volume":"36","author":"Pepino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R75","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0277","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: the gut\u2013brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake","volume":"185","author":"Nogueiras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curpro.2025.100014","article-title":"Incretin hormones: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future directions in glucose regulation and diabetes management","volume":"22","author":"Zargar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Proteomics."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15041050","article-title":"The effect of non-nutritive sweetened beverages on postprandial glycemic and endocrine responses: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117004049","article-title":"The role of low-calorie sweeteners in the prevention and management of overweight and obesity: evidence v. conjecture","volume":"77","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib27","series-title":"Obesity and Diabetes: Scientific Advances and Best Practice","first-page":"529","article-title":"What we know and don't about high-intensity sweeteners","author":"Young","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy102","article-title":"Stevia leaf to stevia sweetener: exploring its science, benefits, and future potential","volume":"148","author":"Samuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.232678","article-title":"The noncaloric sweetener rebaudioside A stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 release and increases enteroendocrine cell numbers in 2-dimensional mouse organoids derived from different locations of the intestine","volume":"146","author":"van der Wielen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E473","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90636.2008","article-title":"Incretin release from gut is acutely enhanced by sugar but not by sweeteners in vivo","volume":"296","author":"Fujita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib31","first-page":"SUN","article-title":"Acute effects of Stevia rebaudiana extract on postprandial glucose metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Kassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.05.007","article-title":"Chronic consumption of rebaudioside A, a steviol glycoside, in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Maki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11123036","article-title":"Effects of stevia extract on postprandial glucose response, satiety and energy intake: a three-arm crossover trial","volume":"11","author":"Farhat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.103092","article-title":"Effect of stevia on blood glucose and HbA1C: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zare","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa038","article-title":"Stevia beverage consumption prior to lunch reduces appetite and total energy intake without affecting glycemia or attentional bias to food cues: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in healthy adults","volume":"150","author":"Stamataki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801083","article-title":"Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies","volume":"24","author":"Flint","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.05.009","article-title":"The use of a sweetener substitution method to predict dietary exposures for the intense sweetener rebaudioside A","volume":"46","author":"Renwick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.01.032","article-title":"Comparison of a daily steviol glycoside beverage compared with a sucrose beverage for four weeks on gut microbiome in healthy adults","volume":"154","author":"Kwok","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR2005100","article-title":"Glycaemic index methodology","volume":"18","author":"Brouns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1099-6","article-title":"Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals","volume":"199","author":"Berridge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.296","article-title":"A workshop on \u201cdietary sweetness-is it an issue?\u201d","volume":"42","author":"Wittekind","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114524000485","article-title":"Does sweetness exposure drive 'sweet tooth'?","volume":"131","author":"Mela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib43","series-title":"Use of Non-Sugar Sweeteners: WHO Guideline","year":"2023"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8365","DOI":"10.1021\/jf501105w","article-title":"Steviol glycoside rebaudioside A induces glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY release in a porcine ex vivo intestinal model","volume":"62","author":"Ripken","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6914","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO00818E","article-title":"Rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana stimulates GLP-1 release by enteroendocrine cells via bitter taste signalling pathways","volume":"14","author":"Noya-Leal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103049","article-title":"Effects of the daily consumption of stevia on glucose homeostasis, body weight, and energy intake: a randomised open-label 12-week trial in healthy adults","volume":"12","author":"Stamataki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.106515","article-title":"Impact of acute consumption of beverages containing plant-based or alternative sweetener blends on postprandial appetite, food intake, metabolism, and gastro-intestinal symptoms: results of the SWEET beverages trial","volume":"184","author":"Almiron-Roig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2010.03.009","article-title":"Effects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels","volume":"55","author":"Anton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.225","article-title":"Effects of aspartame-, monk fruit-, stevia- and sucrose-sweetened beverages on postprandial glucose, insulin and energy intake","volume":"41","author":"Tey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.113266","article-title":"Intraduodenal infusion of a combination of tastants decreases food intake in humans","volume":"102","author":"van Avesaat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.07.013","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects","volume":"53","author":"Gregersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105005","article-title":"Acute and two-week effects of neotame, stevia rebaudioside M and sucrose-sweetened biscuits on postprandial appetite and endocrine response in adults with overweight\/obesity\u2014a randomised crossover trial from the SWEET consortium","volume":"102","author":"Gibbons","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2025.112938","article-title":"Enteroendocrine hormonal response after the ingestion of cola beverages with sucrose and non-nutritive sweeteners in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"141","author":"Galicia-Ayala","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf313","article-title":"Glycemic impact of non-nutritive sweeteners in health and type 2 diabetes","author":"Rose","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451000512X","article-title":"Effects of carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners on appetite and the secretion of gastrointestinal satiety peptides","volume":"105","author":"Steinert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626004633?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316626004633?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T10:34:39Z","timestamp":1793874879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316626004633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316626004633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute Stevia Consumption Does Not Alter Endocrine Responses in Individuals with Normal Weight, Overweight, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101814","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101814"}}