{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:26:39Z","timestamp":1793877999472,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020960","name":"Research Complex Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E0220602-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0220602-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003712","name":"Korea Food Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E0220602-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0220602-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:18:44Z","timestamp":1790097524000},"page":"101843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Patterns Are Key Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk Beyond Genetic Risk Across Metabolic Syndrome Trajectories in A Korean Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Hye Jeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haeng Jeon","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sunny","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6092-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunmin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/44073","article-title":"Association between metabolic syndrome and mortality: prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54367-4","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: a population-based study of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Jamali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4041-1","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01166-6","article-title":"Risk for cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 13-year prospective study in the RIVANA cohort","volume":"19","author":"Guembe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-021-00632-6","article-title":"Association between baseline and changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1051637","article-title":"Inverse association of a traditional Korean diet composed of a multigrain rice-containing meal with fruits and nuts with metabolic syndrome risk: the KoGES","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072308","article-title":"A positive association of overactivated immunity with metabolic syndrome risk and mitigation of its association by a plant-based diet and physical activity in a large cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7898","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097898","article-title":"Mechanisms of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Masenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519001752","article-title":"Carbohydrate and sodium intake and physical activity interact with genetic risk scores of four genetic variants mainly related to lipid metabolism to modulate metabolic syndrome risk in Korean middle-aged adults","volume":"122","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101360","article-title":"Associations between the components of metabolic syndrome and the polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3), the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) genes","volume":"10","author":"Szkup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700011-JLR200","article-title":"APOA5 variants and metabolic syndrome in Caucasians","volume":"48","author":"Grallert","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1437022","article-title":"Lifestyle genomics and the metabolic syndrome: a review of genetic variants that influence response to diet and exercise interventions","volume":"59","author":"Fenwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-024-00793-0","article-title":"Consumption of dietary fiber and APOA5 genetic variants in metabolic syndrome: baseline data from the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort Study","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv316","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Consortium","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2022.08.013","article-title":"A causal relationship between alcohol intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.09.003","article-title":"Association between polygenetic risk scores related to sarcopenia risk and their interactions with regular exercise in a large cohort of Korean adults","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602657","article-title":"Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study","volume":"61","author":"Ahn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib18","article-title":"Association between Korean-style balanced diet and risk of abdominal obesity in Korean adults: an analysis using KNHANES-VI(2013-2016)","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113772","article-title":"Interactions between polygenic risk scores, dietary pattern, and menarche age with the obesity risk in a large hospital-based cohort","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013002115","article-title":"Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index","volume":"17","author":"Shivappa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib21","first-page":"942","article-title":"Integrating genetics and lifestyles for precision nutrition in hypertriglyceridemia: a UK Biobank and KoGES analysis","volume":"19","author":"Hur","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.9.1279","article-title":"Self-rated subjective health status is strongly associated with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, nutrient intakes, and biochemical indices, but not smoking status: KNHANES 2007-2012","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102133","article-title":"An inverse relation between hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle mass predicted by using a machine learning approach in middle-aged and older adults in large cohorts","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17707-7","article-title":"Association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction among patients with excess body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Sedaghat","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2196-3764","article-title":"Influence of metabolic syndrome on the long-term prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01665-8","article-title":"Gender differences in changes in metabolic syndrome status and its components and risk of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Ramezankhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2023.08.008","article-title":"Impact of sex and gender on metabolic syndrome in adults: a retrospective cohort study from the Canadian primary care sentinel surveillance network","volume":"48","author":"Dev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. J. Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071741","article-title":"Inverse association of the adequacy and balance scores in the modified healthy eating index with type 2 diabetes in women","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16040534","article-title":"Association of a high healthy eating index diet with long-term visceral fat loss in a large longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib30","first-page":"3239","article-title":"Genetics of cholesterol-related genes in metabolic syndrome: a review of current evidence","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2020.01.009","article-title":"Alcohol, carbohydrate, and calcium intakes and smoking interactions with APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 were associated with elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations in a cross-sectional study of Korean adults","volume":"120","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.02.026","article-title":"The associations between liver enzymes and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib33","article-title":"Liver enzymes and their association with some cardiometabolic diseases: evidence from a large Kurdish cohort","volume":"2021","author":"Kohsari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589221141830","article-title":"Serum liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study","volume":"71","author":"Khalili","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.17.0075","article-title":"Association between C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Fam. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1104180","article-title":"The positive association between white blood cell count and metabolic syndrome is independent of insulin resistance among a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00719-4","article-title":"Hemoglobin concentration is associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2017.06.001","article-title":"Association between resting heart rate, metabolic syndrome, and cardiorespiratory fitness in Korean male adults","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Sci. fit."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12927","article-title":"Resting heart rate is associated with metabolic syndrome and predicted 10-y risk of cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143244","article-title":"Plant-based nutrition: exploring health benefits for atherosclerosis, chronic diseases, and metabolic syndrome\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Pe\u00f1a-Jorquera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib41","article-title":"The association between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Nikparast","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.700936","article-title":"Association between eating speed and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662600492X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002231662600492X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T10:35:25Z","timestamp":1793874925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002231662600492X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S002231662600492X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dietary Patterns Are Key Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk Beyond Genetic Risk Across Metabolic Syndrome Trajectories in A Korean Prospective Cohort Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2026.101843","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101843"}}