{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:21:16Z","timestamp":1791048076357,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AG023501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AG023501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AG080071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AG080071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG6057195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG6057195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AG005146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AG005146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG010124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG010124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG062422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG062422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24AG021886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24AG021886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG066506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG066506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AG005681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AG005681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AG025688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AG025688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AG008702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AG008702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG010133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG010133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG016976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG016976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG013854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG013854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GENETICS-19-639372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GENETICS-19-639372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56 AG057195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AG057195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50AG047366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50AG047366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG062421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG062421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LDRFP-21-818464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LDRFP-21-818464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-22-926940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-22-926940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T23:02:16Z","timestamp":1739660536000},"page":"100075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterizing and validating 12-month reliable cognitive change in Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease for use in clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dustin B.","family":"Hammers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Musema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ani","family":"Eloyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryanne","family":"Thangarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Taurone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"La Joie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Touroutoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanthi","family":"Vemuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Aisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2192-1699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Dage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4040-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly N.","family":"Nudelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kala","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Atri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8882-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjan","family":"Duara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neill R.","family":"Graff-Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Honig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik C.B.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9955-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Masdeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6441-7989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario F.","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6060-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Womack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Musiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiadi U.","family":"Onyike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Riddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Rogalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2631-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Salloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7534-2935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond Scott","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Wingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Wolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil D.","family":"Rabinovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford C.","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana G.","family":"Apostolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.01.005","article-title":"Early-onset Alzheimer Disease","volume":"35","author":"Mendez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0294-2","article-title":"Early- versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice: cognitive and global outcomes over 3 years","volume":"9","author":"Wattmo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7698-3","article-title":"Differentiated clinical presentation of early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: is 65 years of age providing a reliable threshold?","volume":"262","author":"Palasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.10.014","article-title":"Early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease are associated with distinct patterns of memory impairment","volume":"74","author":"Joubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12350","article-title":"The Longitudinal early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS): framework and methodology","author":"Apostolova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0006","first-page":"S74","article-title":"The sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's Disease signature of atrophy: preliminary findings from The longitudinal early-onset Alzheimer's Disease study (LEADS) cohort","volume":"19","author":"Touroutoglou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0007","first-page":"S98","article-title":"Amyloid and tau-PET in early-onset AD: baseline data from the Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS)","volume":"19","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0008","first-page":"S115","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the Longitudinal early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study","volume":"19","author":"Dage","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0009","first-page":"S89","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities are higher among early-onset Alzheimer's disease participants than their cognitively normal and early-onset nonAD peers: longitudinal early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS)","volume":"19","author":"Eloyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0010","first-page":"S64","article-title":"Pathogenic variants in the Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study cohort","volume":"19","author":"Nudelman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0011","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Sex and APOE \u03b54 carrier effects on atrophy, amyloid PET, and tau PET burden in early-onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Nemes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0012","first-page":"S42","article-title":"Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychotropic medication use midway through data collection of the Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) cohort","volume":"19","author":"Polsinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0013","article-title":"Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: comparison of LEADS and ADNI","author":"Hammers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","article-title":"Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"388","author":"van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100708","article-title":"Donanemab in early Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"384","author":"Mintun","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acr120","article-title":"Evidence-based indicators of neuropsychological change in the individual patient: relevant concepts and methods","volume":"27","author":"Duff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0017","first-page":"e12055","article-title":"Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Jutten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/13854049308401901","article-title":"\"T-scores for change:\" an illustration of a regression approach to depicting change in clinical neuropsychology","volume":"7","author":"McSweeny","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1230596","article-title":"Short-term practice effects in mild cognitive impairment: evaluating different methods of change","volume":"39","author":"Duff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2022.2082386","article-title":"Assessing and validating reliable change across ADNI protocols","volume":"44","author":"Hammers","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acaa042","article-title":"Development and preliminary validation of standardized regression-based change scores as measures of transitional cognitive decline","author":"Kiselica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000288","article-title":"Trajectories of normal cognitive aging","volume":"34","author":"Salthouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.680913","article-title":"Scoring higher the second time around: meta-analyses of practice effects in neuropsychological assessment","volume":"26","author":"Calamia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000223","article-title":"Version 3 of the Alzheimer Disease Centers' Neuropsychological Test Battery in the uniform data set (UDS)","volume":"32","author":"Weintraub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)02002-0","article-title":"Memory improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Craft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.026","article-title":"Distinct neuroanatomical substrates and cognitive mechanisms of figure copy performance in Alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"49","author":"Possin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0029","series-title":"Trail making test: manual for administration and scoring","author":"Reitan","year":"1992"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159","article-title":"The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"39","author":"Morris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0032","first-page":"594","article-title":"Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: a multi-lingual naming test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish-English bilinguals","volume":"15","author":"Gollan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biling (Camb Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0033","series-title":"The rey auditory verbal learning test","author":"Schmidt","year":"1996"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.11.1356","article-title":"A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"141","author":"Rosen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0035","unstructured":"ADNI3. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI3 Procedures Manual 2016 [Available from: https:\/\/adni.loni.usc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/ADNI3-Procedures-Manual_v3.0_20170627.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.9.3.221.16455","article-title":"Statistical practices: the seven deadly sins","volume":"9","author":"Millis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.07.007","article-title":"Regression-based formulas for predicting change in RBANS subtests with older adults","volume":"20","author":"Duff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704106048","article-title":"Predicting change with the RBANS in a community dwelling elderly sample","volume":"10","author":"Duff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617715000582","article-title":"Reliable change on neuropsychological tests in the uniform data set","volume":"21","author":"Gavett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2019.1571169","article-title":"Regression-based formulas for predicting change in memory test scores in healthy older adults: comparing use of raw versus standardized scores","volume":"41","author":"Durant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acq008","article-title":"Deriving reliable change statistics from test-retest normative data: comparison of models and mathematical expressions","volume":"25","author":"Hinton-Bayre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0042","article-title":"Application of different standard error estimates in reliable change methods","author":"Hammers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0043","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Profiling baseline performance on the Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) cohort near the midpoint of data collection","volume":"19","author":"Hammers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0044","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian J Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0045","series-title":"Prediction in forensic and neuropsychology: new approaches to psychometrically sound assessment","article-title":"Assessing reliable neuropsychological change","author":"Chelune","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70008","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70008","article-title":"Validation of regression-based change formulae for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Duff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(89)90005-6","article-title":"Measurement of health status. Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference","volume":"10","author":"Jaeschke","year":"1989","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.06.005","article-title":"Disease severity and minimal clinically important differences in clinical outcome assessments for Alzheimer's disease clinical trials","volume":"5","author":"Andrews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00289-0","article-title":"Medial temporal atrophy and memory impairment in early stage of Alzheimer's disease: an MRI volumetric and memory assessment study","volume":"173","author":"Mizuno","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.092326","article-title":"Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease from LEADS","author":"Hammers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199809000-00007","article-title":"Age at onset and visuocognitive disturbances in Alzheimer disease","volume":"12","author":"Fujimori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(98)00010-4","article-title":"Age at onset and language disturbances in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"36","author":"Imamura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51689","article-title":"Early-onset Alzheimer's disease shows a distinct neuropsychological profile and more aggressive trajectories of cognitive decline than late-onset","volume":"9","author":"Tort-Merino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639708403751","article-title":"Relationship of IQ to verbal learning and memory: test and retest","volume":"19","author":"Rapport","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/13854049708400466","article-title":"Full scale IQ as mediator of practice effects: the rich get richer","volume":"11","author":"Rapport","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0056","first-page":"483","article-title":"The rich-get-richer effect: prior knowledge predicts new learning of domain-relevant information","volume":"48","author":"Witherby","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Experim Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03020-9","article-title":"Intracellular amyloid toxicity induces oxytosis\/ferroptosis regulated cell death","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.937133","article-title":"Neuronal cell death mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: an insight","volume":"15","author":"Goel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S567","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179941","article-title":"The amyloid-\u03b2 oligomer hypothesis: beginning of the third decade","volume":"64","author":"Cline","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA Research Framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.383","article-title":"Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. A critical review","volume":"122","author":"Perry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313775","article-title":"Concomitant AD pathology affects clinical manifestation and survival in dementia with lewy bodies","volume":"88","author":"Lemstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02574-0","article-title":"Tau seeds occur before earliest Alzheimer's changes and are prevalent across neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"146","author":"Manca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2274580725000196?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2274580725000196?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T20:28:32Z","timestamp":1784320112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2274580725000196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2274580725000196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075","relation":{},"ISSN":["2274-5807"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2274-5807","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterizing and validating 12-month reliable cognitive change in Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease for use in clinical trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100075","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100075"}}