{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:38:24Z","timestamp":1792726704120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019065","name":"Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24ZXGZSY00180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZXGZSY00180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:39:33Z","timestamp":1772300373000},"page":"100518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional supplements and cognition in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0151-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072720-014213","article-title":"Cognitive aging and the promise of physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Erickson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0004","first-page":"402","article-title":"Physical exercise, cognition, and brain health in aging","volume":"47","author":"Boa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.09.003","article-title":"Positive effects of combined cognitive and physical exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Karssemeijer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.36723","article-title":"Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Cognition","volume":"7","author":"Grenier","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0007","volume":"9","author":"Marino","year":"2023"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30338-7","article-title":"Nutrition and prevention of cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Scarmeas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00279-0","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.23","article-title":"Diagnosis of Early Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Practice in 2021","volume":"8","author":"Porsteinsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"j prev Alzheimer's dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106201","article-title":"Vitamin B12 as a cholinergic system modulator and blood brain barrier integrity restorer in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"174","author":"El-Mezayen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci: Off J Eur Fed Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf155","article-title":"Efficacy of B Vitamin Supplementation on Global Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","author":"Berg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0013","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"McCleery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102883","article-title":"Brain delivery of supplemental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"59","author":"Arellanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324268.45138.86","article-title":"Effect of fish oil on cognitive performance in older subjects: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"van de Rest","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess21195","article-title":"Intake of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Milk Beverage Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Decreases Serum Bone Resorption Marker Levels","volume":"70","author":"Ichinose","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oleo Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa299","article-title":"Evaluation of Cognitive Performance following Fish-Oil and Curcumin Supplementation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity","volume":"150","author":"Kuszewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz241","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled study of the memory effects of pomegranate juice in middle-aged and older adults","volume":"111","author":"Siddarth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115044","article-title":"Resveratrol Attenuates CSF Markers of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-3-7","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications of chronic hypoxia-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14106","article-title":"Homocysteine potentiates amyloid \u03b2 -induced death receptor 4- and 5-mediated cerebral endothelial cell apoptosis, blood brain barrier dysfunction and angiogenic impairment","volume":"23","author":"Carey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70598-1","article-title":"Vitamin B12, folic acid, and the nervous system","volume":"5","author":"Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18124","article-title":"Conversion between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental Status Examination","volume":"71","author":"Fasnacht","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669183","article-title":"Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and\/or mid-quartile range","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c3515","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3515","article-title":"Small study effects in meta-analyses of osteoarthritis trials: meta-epidemiological study","volume":"341","author":"N\u00fcesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin res ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0028","first-page":"l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin res ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0029","unstructured":"Team R. RStudio integrated development for R. https:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/. Accessed December 22, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0030","unstructured":"van Valkenhoef G KJ. gemtc: network meta-analysis using Bayesian methods: R package version 1.0-2. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/gemtc\/index.html. Accessed December 22, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0031","series-title":"The BUGS Book: A Practical Introduction to Bayesian Analysis","author":"Lunn","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X12458724","article-title":"Evidence synthesis for decision making 2: a generalized linear modeling framework for pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak: Int J Soc Med Decis Mak"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1195","article-title":"GetReal in network meta-analysis: a review of the methodology","volume":"7","author":"Efthimiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0034","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3767","article-title":"Checking consistency in mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Dias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1054","article-title":"Automating network meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"van Valkenhoef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X13485157","article-title":"Evidence synthesis for decision making 3: heterogeneity\u2013subgroups, meta-regression, bias, and bias-adjustment","volume":"33","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak: Int J Soc Med Decis Mak"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","article-title":"Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial","volume":"64","author":"Salanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30040-6","article-title":"Effect of long-term omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation with or without multidomain intervention on cognitive function in elderly adults with memory complaints (MAPT): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Andrieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193568","article-title":"Association between cognitive function and supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs and other nutrients in \u2265 75 years old patients: A randomized multicenter study","volume":"13","author":"Baleztena","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010054","article-title":"The n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Improved the Cognitive Function in the Chinese Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"9","author":"Bo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.015","article-title":"The effects of omega-3 fatty acids monotherapy in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Chiu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.110775","article-title":"Effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation on neurologic and cognitive function in older people: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Dangour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2758","article-title":"Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"De Jager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.131","article-title":"Effects of a food supplement containing phosphatidylserine on cognitive function in Chinese older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"9557","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60109-3","article-title":"Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial: a randomised, double blind, controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Durga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.2.361","article-title":"Effect of oral vitamin B-12 with or without folic acid on cognitive function in older people with mild vitamin B-12 deficiency: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"84","author":"Eussen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f962c4","article-title":"Vitamins B(12), B(6), and folic acid for cognition in older men","volume":"75","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318594","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D(3) supplementation on cognition and blood lipids: a 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26404","article-title":"Grodstein F. A trial of B vitamins and cognitive function among women at high risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"88","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.10.018","article-title":"A randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin B12 supplementation to prevent cognitive decline in older diabetic people with borderline low serum vitamin B12","volume":"36","author":"Kwok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.11.005","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of using B vitamins to prevent cognitive decline in older mild cognitive impairment patients","volume":"39","author":"Kwok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr (Edinb Scotl)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2848-0","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid-concentrated fish oil supplementation in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): A 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"225","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1155","article-title":"Significant correlations of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonic acid with movement and cognitive performance in elderly subjects but no improvement from short-term vitamin therapy: a placebo-controlled randomized study","volume":"81","author":"Lewerin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02373-3","article-title":"Effect of folic acid combined with docosahexaenoic acid intervention on mild cognitive impairment in elderly: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.10.014","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.165","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D3 Combined with Folic Acid on Domain and Specific Cognitive Function among Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JPAD-J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1598-5","article-title":"Effects of folic acid supplementation on cognitive function and A\u03b2-related biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-13-34","article-title":"Effect of low dose \u03c9-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids on cognitive status among older people: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2022.102415","article-title":"Long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and cognitive performance throughout adulthood: A 6-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"178","author":"Maltais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat Acids"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054025","article-title":"A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance","volume":"354","author":"McMahon","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5707","article-title":"The effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on cognition and well-being in mild cognitive impairment: A 12-month randomised controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Mengelberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.24465","article-title":"Effects of Exercise Alone or Combined With Cognitive Training and Vitamin D Supplementation to Improve Cognition in Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"Montero-Odasso","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0628-1","article-title":"The effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C on cognitive performance of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in Isfahan, Iran: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Naeini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2005.10.002","article-title":"Effects of folic acid supplementation on psychomotor performance and hemorheology in healthy elderly subjects","volume":"43","author":"Pathansali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210137","article-title":"Paraoxonase 1, B Vitamins Supplementation, and Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"81","author":"Per\u0142a-Kaj\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24600","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161024600","article-title":"No Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognition and Mood in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment and Probable Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"16","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2372","article-title":"Effects of multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement on cognition in younger adults and the contribution of B group vitamins","volume":"29","author":"Pipingas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830511Y.0000000032","article-title":"Effects of a diet integration with an oily emulsion of DHA-phospholipids containing melatonin and tryptophan in elderly patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment","volume":"15","author":"Rondanelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.6.1320","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of homocysteine-lowering vitamin treatment in elderly patients with vascular disease","volume":"82","author":"Stott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001050","article-title":"Results of 2-year vitamin B treatment on cognitive performance: secondary data from an RCT","volume":"83","author":"van der Zwaluw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.044735","article-title":"Walking or vitamin B for cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"van Uffelen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.06.008","article-title":"A combined DHA-rich fish oil and cocoa flavanols intervention does not improve cognition or brain structure in older adults with memory complaints: results from the CANN randomized, controlled parallel-design study","volume":"118","author":"Vauzour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.11.007","article-title":"Cognitive performance in relation to vitamin status in healthy elderly German women-the effect of 6-month multivitamin supplementation","volume":"41","author":"Wolters","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.923232","article-title":"Dietary Melatonin Therapy Alleviates the Lamina Cribrosa Damages in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairments: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit: Int Med J Exp Clin Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200926","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function Through Reducing Oxidative Stress Regulated by Telomere Length in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"78","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.01.013","article-title":"Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive decline","volume":"6","author":"Yurko-Mauro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316176","article-title":"DHA supplementation improves cognitive function via enhancing A\u03b2-mediated autophagy in Chinese elderly with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160439","article-title":"Effects of DHA Supplementation on Hippocampal Volume and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab057","article-title":"B vitamins and prevention of cognitive decline and incident dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12588","article-title":"Effects of folic acid supplementation on cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09598-z","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0082","article-title":"Effects of distinct n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on insulin resistant and AD-like phenotypes in high-fat diets-fed APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"162","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res Int (Ott Ont)"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11236","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO03355H","article-title":"Up-regulation of myelin-associated glycoprotein is associated with the ameliorating effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on Alzheimer's disease progression in APP-PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"15","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2013.10.002","article-title":"Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from genesis to senescence: the influence of LCPUFA on neural development, aging, and neurodegeneration","volume":"53","author":"Janssen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.04.015","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid enhances hippocampal insulin sensitivity to promote cognitive function of aged rats on a high-fat diet","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.04.017","article-title":"Efficacy and acceptability of anti-inflammatory eicosapentaenoic acid for cognitive function in Alzheimer's dementia: A network meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials with omega-3 fatty acids and FDA-approved pharmacotherapy","volume":"111","author":"Tseng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03296-0","article-title":"The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in individuals without dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Suh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102457","article-title":"Mechanisms, consequences and role of interventions for sleep deprivation: Focus on mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in elderly","volume":"100","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0089","article-title":"Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging","volume":"12","author":"Carretero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxid (Basel Switz)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-025-00992-0","article-title":"Plasma tryptophan levels are linked to hippocampal integrity and cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"19","author":"Azargoonjahromi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0134","article-title":"Tryptophan Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease with the Involvement of Microglia and Astrocyte Crosstalk and Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002854.pub4","article-title":"Tabet N. Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"4","author":"Farina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26673","article-title":"Markers of Vitamin B12 Status in Relation to Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Performance","volume":"94","author":"Hooshmand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0094","article-title":"Homocysteine, neurodegenerative biomarkers, and APOE \u03b54 in neurodegenerative diseases","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fekete M, Szarvas Z, Fazekas-Pongor V, et al. Nutrition strategies promoting healthy aging: from improvement of cardiovascular and brain health to prevention of age-associated diseases. 2022;15(1):47.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010047"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitrou PN, Kipnis V, Thi\u00e9baut AC, et al. Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population: results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. 2007;167(22):2461-2468.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.22.2461"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price NL, Gomes AP, Ling AJ, et al. SIRT1 is required for AMPK activation and the beneficial effects of resveratrol on mitochondrial function. 2012;15(5):675-690.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.04.003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101728","article-title":"Nutrients and amyloid \u03b2 status in the brain: A narrative review","volume":"81","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0099","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Hooper","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.08.012","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E -\u03b54-dependent associations between carotenoids and cognitive decline: Findings from the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) randomized controlled trial","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.26089","article-title":"MIND Diet and Hippocampal Sclerosis Among Community-Based Older Adults","volume":"8","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2274580726000427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2274580726000427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:58:14Z","timestamp":1792724294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2274580726000427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2274580726000427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518","relation":{},"ISSN":["2274-5807"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2274-5807","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nutritional supplements and cognition in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100518","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100518"}}