{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:06:14Z","timestamp":1787594774477,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T00:22:06Z","timestamp":1636849326000},"page":"102206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ayahuasca and the traveller: A scoping review of risks and possible benefits"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5084-4357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherilyn K.D.","family":"Houle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4391-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Schlagenhauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib1","unstructured":"International Center for Ethnobotanical Education Research and Service. Technical report on psychoactive Ethnobotanicals. https:\/\/www.iceers.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/ICEERS_Psycheplants_Technical_report.pdf [cited 9 Sep 2021]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib2","series-title":"Natural medicines","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2017.01.039","article-title":"Ayahuasca: an ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness?","volume":"7","author":"Malcolm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.03.002","article-title":"Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: rationale and regulatory challenges","volume":"102","author":"McKenna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00101","article-title":"Dark classics in chemical neuroscience: N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)","volume":"9","author":"Cameron","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.06.001","article-title":"Developments in harmine pharmacology\u2014implications for ayahuasca use and drug-dependence treatment","volume":"39","author":"Brierley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0308-8","article-title":"Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine transporter","volume":"116","author":"Cozzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1998.10399712","article-title":"Ayahuasca preparations and serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a potential combination for severe adverse interactions","volume":"30","author":"Callaway","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3458","article-title":"Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A4 and 2D6 by \u03b2-carboline alkaloids, harmine derivatives","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/002204269702700413","article-title":"Drug tourists and drug policy on the US-Mexican border: an ethnographic investigation","volume":"27","author":"Valdez","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib11","unstructured":"Hill D. Peru's ayahuasca industry booms as westerners search for alternative healing. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/travel\/2016\/jun\/07\/peru-ayahuasca-drink-boom-amazon-spirituality-healing [cited 9 Sep 2021]."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2015.1094590","article-title":"Ayahuasca tourism: participants in Shamanic rituals and their personality styles, motivation, benefits and risks","volume":"47","author":"Kavensk\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2005.10399803","article-title":"Drug tourism or spiritual healing? Ayahuasca seekers in amazonia","volume":"37","author":"Winkelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2010.05.005","article-title":"Surfing for a Shaman: analyzing an ayahuasca website","volume":"38","author":"Holman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Tourism Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350701663672","article-title":"Buying Ayahuasca and other entheogens online: a word of caution","volume":"16","author":"Dalgarno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction Res Theor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.01.002","article-title":"Ayahuasca: a risk for travellers?","volume":"21","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trav Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib17","unstructured":"Plucinska J. A British tourist has been killed at a Peruvian ayahuasca ceremony. https:\/\/time.com\/4154455\/peru-ayahuasca-murder-amazon-hallucinogen\/[cited 9 Sep 2021]."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tax068","article-title":"The highs and lows of drug tourism: a travel medicine perspective","volume":"24","author":"Flaherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib20","first-page":"S24","article-title":"Case-report of a \u2018tea ceremony\u2019 with ayahuasca: an emotional rollercoaster","volume":"56S","author":"Arts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib21","first-page":"3452691","article-title":"Acute intoxication following dimethyltryptamine ingestion","author":"Bilhimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib22","unstructured":"Bjornaas MA, Dunlop O, Jacobsen D. Two cases of ayahuasca poisoning: a poison crossing borders. Clin Toxicol 217;55(5):374."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1998.10399712","article-title":"Ayahuasca preparations and serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a potential combination for severe adverse interactions","volume":"30","author":"Callaway","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"Suppl. S1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib24","first-page":"77","article-title":"Bipolar disorder triggered by ayahuasca: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib25","first-page":"442","article-title":"Ayahuasca intoxication: two case reports","volume":"55","author":"Celentano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-017-0394-5","article-title":"Ayahuasca and kambo intoxication after alternative natural therapy for depression, confirmed by mass spectrometry","volume":"36","author":"de Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2017.02.017","article-title":"Ayahuasca intoxication","volume":"149","author":"de Pablo Marquez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib28","series-title":"The ethnopharmacology of ayahuasca","first-page":"97","article-title":"Ayahuasca and psychosis","author":"dos Santos","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-016-0593-1","article-title":"Ayahuasca exposure: descriptive analysis of calls to US poison control centers from 2005 to 2015","volume":"13","author":"Heise","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.20453\/rnp.v80i4.3241","article-title":"Psicosis inducida por ayahuasca: reporte de un caso","volume":"80","author":"Neyra-Ontaneda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Neuro Psiquiatr"},{"issue":"Suppl. S1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib31","first-page":"67","article-title":"Consumption of ayahuasca and antipsychotics: risk factor for priapism","volume":"33","author":"Rasanjison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib32","first-page":"71","article-title":"A case of psychosis by ayahuasca","volume":"20","author":"Ruz Sanchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/29.8.838","article-title":"A fatal intoxication following the ingestion of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in an ayahuasca preparation","volume":"29","author":"Sklerov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib34","first-page":"161","article-title":"Case report: hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after exposure to ayahuasca","volume":"25","author":"Sullivan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-014-0020-y","article-title":"Switch to mania after ayahuasca consumption in a man with bipolar disorder: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Szmulewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib36","first-page":"715","article-title":"Acute intoxication following dimethyltryptamine ingestion","volume":"52","author":"Vollman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib37","first-page":"287","article-title":"Fatal nicotine intoxication resulting from the ingestion of \u201cayahuasca\u201d","volume":"28","author":"Warren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01234","article-title":"Modulation of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor by a single dose of ayahuasca: observation from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"de Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2014-1496","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report","volume":"37","author":"de L Osorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1590\/0101-60830000000149","article-title":"Long-term effects of ayahuasca in patients with depression: a 5-year qualitative follow-up","volume":"45","author":"dos Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Clin Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00185","article-title":"Cortisol modulation by ayahuasca in patients with treatment resistant depression and healthy controls","volume":"9","author":"Galvao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222817710879","article-title":"Potential use of ayahusca in grief therapy","volume":"79","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Death Dying"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib43","article-title":"Ayahuasca's antidepressant effects covary with behavioral activation as well as mindfulness","author":"Mian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001356","article-title":"Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Palhano-Fontes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000436","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a SPECT study","volume":"36","author":"Sanches","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3167-9","article-title":"Acute effects of ayahuasca on neuropsychological performance: differences in executive function between experienced and occasional users","volume":"230","author":"Bouso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.920117","article-title":"The effects of ayahuasca ritual participation on gay and lesbian identity","volume":"46","author":"Cavnar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5085-3","article-title":"Ayahuasca improves emotion dysregulation in a community sample and in individuals with borderline-like traits","volume":"236","author":"Dominguez-Clave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.703099","article-title":"Enhancement of creative expression and entoptic phenomena as after-effects of repeated ayahuasca ceremonies","volume":"44","author":"Frecska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.703100","article-title":"A study of ayahuasca use in North America","volume":"44","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1748773","article-title":"Ayahuasca users in Estonia: ceremonial practices, subjective long-term effects, mental health, and quality of life","volume":"52","author":"Kaasik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14700-6","article-title":"Well-being, problematic alcohol consumption and acute subjective drug effects in past-year ayahuasca users: a large, international, self-selecting online survey","volume":"7","author":"Lawn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx036","article-title":"Assessing the psychedelic \u201cafter-glow\u201d in ayahuasca users: post-acute neurometabolic and functional connectivity changes are associated with enhanced mindfulness capacities","volume":"20","author":"Sampedro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00224","article-title":"Four weekly ayahuasca sessions lead to increases in \u201cacceptance\u201d capacities: a comparison study with a standard 8-week mindfulness training program","volume":"9","author":"Soler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4162-0","article-title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: acute intake increases mindfulness-related capacities","volume":"233","author":"Soler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4988-3","article-title":"Sub-acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca on affect and cognitive thinking style and their association with ego dissolution","volume":"235","author":"Uthaug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086622","article-title":"Relationship between meditative practice and self-reported mindfulness: the MINDSENS composite Index","volume":"9","author":"Soler","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31823607f6","article-title":"Autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immunological effects of ayahuasca: a comparative study with D-amphetamine","volume":"31","author":"dos Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2434-x","article-title":"Pharmacology of ayahuasca administered in two repeated doses","volume":"219","author":"dos Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib60","unstructured":"Nations Online. Official and spoken languages of the countries of the Americas and the Caribbean. https:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/american_languages.htm [cited 9 Sep 2021]."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000409","article-title":"Hallucinogens and their therapeutic use: a literature review","volume":"25","author":"Begola","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1511424","article-title":"Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"11","author":"dos Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expet Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666141210222409","article-title":"Recreational use, analysis and toxicity of tryptamines","volume":"13","author":"Tittarelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-015-1513-x","article-title":"The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review","volume":"89","author":"Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.11.029","article-title":"Studies with psychedelic drugs in human volunteers","volume":"142","author":"Sellers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000084","article-title":"Clinical applications of hallucinogens: a review","volume":"24","author":"Garcia-Romeu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.016","article-title":"Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens","volume":"277","author":"Halberstadt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125319845774","article-title":"Serotonergic hallucinogens and recognition of facial emotion expressions: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Rocha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2016.1188225","article-title":"Effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids on drug dependence: a systematic literature review of quantitative studies in animals and humans","volume":"48","author":"Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2013.785846","article-title":"A critical evaluation of reports associating ayahuasca with life-threatening adverse reactions","volume":"45","author":"dos Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.615318","article-title":"Clinical toxicology of newer recreational drugs","volume":"49","author":"Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2013.763564","article-title":"Safety and side effects of ayahuasca in humans\u2014an overview focusing on developmental toxicology","volume":"45","author":"dos Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2017.01.039","article-title":"Ayahuasca: an ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness?","volume":"7","author":"Malcolm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180125095902","article-title":"Ayahuasca: psychological and physiologic effects, pharmacology and potential uses in addiction and mental illness","volume":"17","author":"Hamill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125316689030","article-title":"Ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies","volume":"7","author":"dos Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125316638008","article-title":"Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years","volume":"6","author":"dos Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2015-1701","article-title":"Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of ayahuasca: a systematic literature review of animal and human studies","volume":"38","author":"dos Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00028","article-title":"Plant alkaloids as an emerging therapeutic alternative for the treatment of depression","volume":"7","author":"Perviz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib79","first-page":"106300","article-title":"Ayahuasca, an ancient substance with traditional and contemporary use in neuropsychiatry and neuroscience","author":"dos Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116652578","article-title":"The current state of research on ayahuasca: a systematic review of human studies assessing psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and neuroimaging","volume":"30","author":"dos Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.016","article-title":"Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens","volume":"277","author":"Halberstadt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.03.002","article-title":"Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: rationale and regulatory challenges","volume":"102","author":"McKenna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477893921002477?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477893921002477?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:06:44Z","timestamp":1761487604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1477893921002477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S1477893921002477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8939","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ayahuasca and the traveller: A scoping review of risks and possible benefits","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102206"}}