{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:14:58Z","timestamp":1793045698544,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T06:14:00Z","timestamp":1657692840000},"page":"102402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: Emergence of a novel viral lineage?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Luna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie L.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz H.","family":"Pati\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Andres","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Katterine","family":"Bonilla-Aldana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Paniz-Mondolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-9312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan David","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alakunle E, Moens U, Nchinda G, Okeke MI. Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution. Viruses [Internet] 2020;12:1257. Available from:: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/11\/1257.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111257"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2022.2088881","article-title":"Is monkeypox another reemerging viral zoonosis with many animal hosts yet to be defined?","volume":"42","author":"Bonilla-Aldana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1446","article-title":"Analysis of the monkeypox virus genome","volume":"297","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virol [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.130118","article-title":"Genomic variability of monkeypox virus among humans, democratic republic of the Congo","volume":"20","author":"Kugelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib5","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Human monkeypox","volume":"33","author":"Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00241","article-title":"Emergence of monkeypox as the most important Orthopoxvirus infection in humans","volume":"6","author":"Sklenovsk\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.014","article-title":"Status of human monkeypox: clinical disease, epidemiology and research","volume":"29","author":"Damon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.1.17","article-title":"Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonotic disease","volume":"2","author":"Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib9","unstructured":"Abdelmoez Farahat R, Sah R, El-Sakka AA, Yasmine Benmelouka A, Kundu M, Labieb F, et al. Human monkeypox disease (MPX)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0706-0","article-title":"Monkeypox virus emergence in wild chimpanzees reveals distinct clinical outcomes and viral diversity","volume":"5","author":"Patrono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib11","series-title":"Heavy-tailed sexual contact networks and the epidemiology of monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic regions","author":"Endo","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214229","article-title":"The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria\u2014report of outbreak experience and response in the Niger delta university teaching hospital, Bayelsa state, Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Ogoina","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox\u2014a potential threat? A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Bunge","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6710a5","article-title":"Emergence of monkeypox \u2014 west and central Africa, 1970\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Durski","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity Mortality Week Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa559","article-title":"Exportation of monkeypox virus from the African continent","volume":"225","author":"Mauldin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020388","article-title":"Babkina IN, tikunova N v. An update of Orthopoxvirus molecular evolution","volume":"14","author":"Babkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berthet N, Descorps-Decl\u00e8re S, Besombes C, Curaudeau M, Nkili Meyong AA, Selekon B, et al. Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018. Scientific Reports [Internet] 2021;11:13085. Available from:: http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-92315-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92315-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81215-0","article-title":"A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses","volume":"86","author":"Likos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.2.293","article-title":"Human monkeypox: clinical features of 282 patients","volume":"156","author":"Jezek","year":"1987","journal-title":"JID (J Infect Dis)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib20","series-title":"Urgent need for a non-discriminatory and non-stigmatizing nomenclature for monkeypox virus [Internet]","author":"Happi","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1446","article-title":"Analysis of the monkeypox virus genome","volume":"297","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib22","series-title":"Initial observations about putative APOBEC3 deaminase editing driving short-term evolution of MPXV since 2017 [Internet]","author":"O'Toole","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib23","series-title":"Multi-country outbreak of Monkeypox virus: genetic divergence and first signs of microevolution","first-page":"1","author":"Gomes","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-020-00456-7","article-title":"CITES and the zoonotic disease content in international wildlife trade","volume":"76","author":"Borsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Resour Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00354-1","article-title":"Monkeypox outbreaks outside endemic regions: scientific and social priorities","author":"Zumla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib26","series-title":"Disease outbreak news; multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03773","article-title":"Nextclade: clade assignment, mutation calling and quality control for viral genomes","volume":"6","author":"Aksamentov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Open Source Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib28","series-title":"Tracking the 2022 monkeypox outbreak with epidemiological data in real-time","author":"Kraemer","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vex042","article-title":"TreeTime: maximum-likelihood phylodynamic analysis","volume":"4","author":"Sagulenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq088","article-title":"Using time-structured data to estimate evolutionary rates of double-stranded DNA viruses","volume":"27","author":"Firth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib31","series-title":"Multi-country monkeypox outbreak: situation update [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib32","article-title":"Monkeypox in Africa: the science the world ignored","author":"Kozlov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27884","article-title":"Monkeypox: a potential global threat?","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.3.643","article-title":"The transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations","volume":"17","author":"Fine","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1980.tb135034.x","article-title":"The global eradication of smallpox","volume":"1","author":"Fenner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib36","series-title":"Multi-country outbreak of Monkeypox virus: genetic divergence and first signs of microevolution","first-page":"1","author":"Gomes","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib37","series-title":"Update to observations about putative APOBEC3 deaminase editing in the light of new genomes from USA","author":"O'Toole","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib38","series-title":"Genomic analysis of the recent monkeypox outbreak","author":"Giorgi","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib39","series-title":"Multiple lineages of Monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021- 2022","author":"Gigante","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib40","article-title":"Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus","author":"Isidro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib41","series-title":"Multi-country monkeypox outbreak: situation update [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb758","article-title":"Single-strand specificity of APOBEC3G accounts for minus-strand deamination of the HIV genome","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"}],"container-title":["Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147789392200148X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147789392200148X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T21:38:43Z","timestamp":1745617123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S147789392200148X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S147789392200148X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8939","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: Emergence of a novel viral lineage?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102402"}}