{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:45:14Z","timestamp":1773938714777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021713","name":"Universidad de Almer\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022657","name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade de Macau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023373","name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16\/0027\/0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0027\/0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023961","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biotecnol\u00f3gica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T21:22:55Z","timestamp":1762464175000},"page":"102932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Insights into barriers and adherence to pre-travel advice among West African travelers in Spain: A prospective mixed-methods evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7197-5652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerea","family":"Castillo-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel Jes\u00fas","family":"Soriano-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Lozano-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"del Moral-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"del Mar Lozano-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Mil\u00e1n-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"G\u00e1lvez-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina Luc\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Zevallos-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Luz\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Cabeza-Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Borrego-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Pumares-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Salas-Coronas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib1","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib2","series-title":"CDC yellow book 2024: health information for international travel","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2010.00411.x","article-title":"The visiting friends or relatives traveler in the 21st century: time for a new definition","volume":"17","author":"Barnett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2010.00398.x","article-title":"Travel case scenarios as a demonstration of risk assessment of VFR travelers: introduction to criteria and evidence-based definition and framework","volume":"17","author":"Behrens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2010.01.003","article-title":"Malaria and travellers visiting friends and relatives","volume":"8","author":"Pavli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-2057-8","article-title":"Imported malaria in Spain (2009-2016): results from the +REDIVI collaborative network","volume":"16","author":"Norman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1936-3","article-title":"Malaria after international travel: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2003-2016","volume":"16","author":"Angelo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib8","article-title":"Travel-related infections presenting in Europe: a 20-year analysis of EuroTravNet surveillance data","volume":"1","author":"Grobusch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib9","series-title":"ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2022","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmu063","article-title":"Travel-associated disease among US residents visiting US GeoSentinel clinics after return from international travel","volume":"31","author":"Hagmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-287","article-title":"\u201cYou\u2019 re losing your ghanaianess\u201d: understanding malaria decision-making among Africans visiting friends and relatives in the UK","volume":"13","author":"Neave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay163","article-title":"Barriers to malaria prevention in US-based travellers visiting friends and relatives abroad: a qualitative study of West African immigrant travellers","volume":"26","author":"Walz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-17","article-title":"Challenges facing providers of imported malaria-related healthcare services for Africans visiting friends and relatives (VFRs)","volume":"13","author":"Neave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7722-0","article-title":"Pre-travel health care attendance among migrant travellers visiting friends and relatives (VFR): a 10-year retrospective analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ferrara","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04727-0","article-title":"Migration-associated malaria from Africa in southern Spain","volume":"14","author":"Pousibet-Puerto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib16","series-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"Creswell","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1086\/507893","article-title":"Illness in travelers visiting friends and relatives: a review of the GeoSentinel surveillance network","volume":"43","author":"Leder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tax044","article-title":"Risk activities and pre-travel health seeking practices of notified cases of imported infectious diseases in Australia","volume":"24","author":"Paudel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063110","article-title":"Travelers' attitudes, behaviors, and practices on the prevention of infectious diseases: a study for Non-European destinations","volume":"18","author":"Bechini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-321","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of pre-travel health-seeking practices among travelers departing Sydney and Bangkok airports","volume":"12","author":"Heywood","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2009.07.002","article-title":"Pre-travel counselling in Greece for travellers visiting friends and relatives","volume":"7","author":"Pavli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102858","article-title":"Malaria risk perceptions and barriers for effective prophylaxis among sub-saharan African 'visiting friends and relatives' travellers in Hamburg, Germany","volume":"65","author":"Essanndoh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/13557850500242035","article-title":"Barriers to uptake and adherence with malaria prophylaxis by the African community in London, England: focus group study","volume":"10","author":"Morgan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026610602073","article-title":"Adherence to travel health guidelines: the experience of Nigerian immigrants in Houston, Texas","volume":"3","author":"Leonard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immigr Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-238","article-title":"Does public subsidy of the cost of malaria chemoprophylaxis reduce imported malaria? A comparative policy analysis","volume":"12","author":"Neave","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz059","article-title":"Factors affecting pre-travel health seeking behaviour and adherence to pre-travel health advice: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Kain","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay010","article-title":"Improving access and provision of pre-travel healthcare for travellers visiting friends and relatives: a review of the evidence","volume":"25","author":"Heywood","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S1477-8939(02)00004-2","article-title":"Health advice given by general practitioners for travellers from Australia","volume":"1","author":"Seelan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12170","article-title":"Risk assessment in travel medicine: how to obtain, interpret, and use risk data for informing pre-travel advice","volume":"22","author":"Leder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2010.00470.x","article-title":"A comparison of pharmacist travel-health specialists' versus primary care providers' recommendations for travel-related medications, vaccinations, and patient compliance in a college health setting","volume":"18","author":"Durham","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04826-6","article-title":"Perspectives of primary care physicians in Spain on malaria: a cross-sectional survey and retrospective review of cases","volume":"23","author":"Linares-Rufo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-3104-4","article-title":"A systematic review of factors affecting adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis amongst travellers from non-endemic countries","volume":"19","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.11.031","article-title":"Effects of length of stay and language proficiency on health care experiences among immigrants in Canada and the United States","volume":"74","author":"Lebrun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1479-1","article-title":"Improving the uptake of pre-travel health advice amongst migrant Australians: exploring the attitudes of primary care providers and migrant community groups","volume":"16","author":"Seale","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-360","article-title":"Towards improved uptake of malaria chemoprophylaxis among West African travellers: identification of behavioural determinants","volume":"12","author":"Wieten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0565","article-title":"Malaria prevention strategies: adherence among Boston area travelers visiting malaria-endemic countries","volume":"94","author":"Stoney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12156","article-title":"Intent-to-adhere and adherence to malaria prevention recommendations in two travel clinics","volume":"22","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2012.00675.x","article-title":"The respect of recommendations provided in an international travelers' medical service: far from the cup to the lips","volume":"20","author":"Muller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732317746381","article-title":"How can we keep immigrant travelers healthy ? Health challenges experienced by Canadian South Asian travelers visiting friends and relatives","volume":"28","author":"Savage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04938-0","article-title":"Imported malaria in a non-endemic country: sixteen years of cases in a hospital in the south of Madrid, Spain","volume":"43","author":"Ant\u00f3n-Berenguer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.41.19684-en","article-title":"First autochthonous malaria case due to Plasmodium vivax since eradication, Spain, October 2010","volume":"15","author":"Santa-Olalla Peralta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00639-z","article-title":"Infectious disease in an era of global change","volume":"20","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taae067","article-title":"Trends in imported infections among migrants and travellers to Spain: a decade of analysis through the +Redivi network (2012\u20132022)","volume":"31","author":"Alkaissy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taad002","article-title":"Healthcare seeking during travel: an analysis by the GeoSentinel surveillance network of travel medicine providers","volume":"30","author":"Piyaphanee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","article-title":"The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions","volume":"6","author":"Michie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00429","article-title":"Matching adherence interventions to patient determinants using the theoretical domains framework","volume":"7","author":"Allemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477893925001383?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1477893925001383?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:22:40Z","timestamp":1773933760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1477893925001383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1477893925001383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-8939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-8939","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Insights into barriers and adherence to pre-travel advice among West African travelers in Spain: A prospective mixed-methods evaluation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102932","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102932"}}