{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:10:10Z","timestamp":1792840210126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["tmreviews.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion Medicine Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T23:35:30Z","timestamp":1419032130000},"page":"82-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Hematologic Effects and Complications of Snake Envenoming"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Berling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey K.","family":"Isbister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218","article-title":"The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths","volume":"5","author":"Kasturiratne","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"9708","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61754-2","article-title":"Snake bite","volume":"375","author":"Warrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2013.787535","article-title":"Mulga snake (Pseudechis australis) envenoming: a spectrum of myotoxicity, anticoagulant coagulopathy, haemolysis and the role of early antivenom therapy\u2014Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-19)","volume":"51","author":"Johnston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04108.x","article-title":"Clinical effects of red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenoming and correlation with venom concentrations: Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-11)","volume":"193","author":"Churchman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254053","article-title":"Snakebite doesn't cause disseminated intravascular coagulation: coagulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy in snake envenoming","volume":"36","author":"Isbister","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01358.x","article-title":"Snake venoms and hemostasis","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04050.x","article-title":"Factor deficiencies in venom-induced consumption coagulopathy resulting from Australian elapid envenomation: Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-10)","volume":"8","author":"Isbister","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.09.031","article-title":"Snake bites and hemostasis\/thrombosis","volume":"132","author":"McCleary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053188","article-title":"Clinical effects and antivenom dosing in brown snake (Pseudonaja spp.) envenoming\u2014Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-14)","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.10.551","article-title":"Coagulopathy following lethal and non-lethal envenoming of humans by the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) in Brazil","volume":"94","author":"Sano-Martins","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214152","article-title":"Procoagulant snake toxins: laboratory studies, diagnosis, and understanding snakebite coagulopathy","volume":"35","author":"Isbister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"9550","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69776-6","article-title":"Intravenous ancrod for acute ischaemic stroke in the European Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"368","author":"Hennerici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.09.003","article-title":"Hemostasis dynamics during coagulopathy resulting from Echis envenomation","volume":"76","author":"Mion","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2009.06.004","article-title":"A turbidimetric assay for the measurement of clotting times of procoagulant venoms in plasma","volume":"61","author":"O'Leary","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.08.071","article-title":"Antivenom cross neutralisation in a suspected Asian pit viper envenoming causing severe coagulopathy","volume":"90","author":"Isbister","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.01.006","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of two whole IgG polyvalent antivenoms, refined by caprylic acid fractionation with or without beta-propiolactone, in the treatment of Bothrops asper bites in Colombia","volume":"100","author":"Otero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct102","article-title":"Diagnostic 20-min whole blood clotting test in Russell's viper envenoming delays antivenom administration","volume":"106","author":"Isbister","year":"2013","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.09.004","article-title":"Point-of-care derived INR does not reliably detect significant coagulopathy following Australian snakebite","volume":"132","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12089","article-title":"Point-of-care testing in snakebite: an envenomed case with false negative coagulation studies","volume":"25","author":"Cubitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.09.013","article-title":"Antivenom efficacy or effectiveness: the Australian experience","volume":"268","author":"Isbister","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp081","article-title":"Failure of antivenom to improve recovery in Australian snakebite coagulopathy","volume":"102","author":"Isbister","year":"2009","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000767","article-title":"Randomised controlled double-blind non-inferiority trial of two antivenoms for saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) envenoming in Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Abubakar","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90339-6","article-title":"An open, randomized comparative trial of two antivenoms for the treatment of envenoming by Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Daboia russelii russelii)","volume":"95","author":"Ariaratnam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0120","first-page":"315","article-title":"Randomized comparative trial of three antivenoms in the treatment of envenoming by lance-headed vipers (Bothrops jararaca) in Sao Paulo Brazil","volume":"86","author":"Cardoso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.16.2030","article-title":"A randomized multicenter trial of crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom for the treatment for crotaline snakebite in the United States","volume":"161","author":"Dart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.291","article-title":"First clinical experiences with a new ovine Fab Echis ocellatus snake bite antivenom in Nigeria: randomized comparative trial with Institute Pasteur Serum (Ipser) Africa antivenom","volume":"56","author":"Meyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0135","first-page":"271","article-title":"Heparin therapy in Russell's viper bite victims with impending dic (a controlled trial)","volume":"20","author":"Myint","year":"1989","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0140","first-page":"293","article-title":"Monospecific antivenin therapy in Russell's viper bite","volume":"77","author":"Karnchanachetanee","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90442-3","article-title":"A randomized double-blind clinical trial of two antivenoms in patients bitten by Bothrops atrox in Colombia. The Regional Group on Antivenom Therapy Research (REGATHER)","volume":"90","author":"Otero","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.183","article-title":"A randomized, blinded, comparative trial of one pepsin-digested and two whole IgG antivenoms for Bothrops snake bites in Uraba, Colombia. The Regional Group on Antivenom Therapy Research (REGATHER)","volume":"58","author":"Otero-Patino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00220-7","article-title":"A randomized blinded clinical trial of two antivenoms, prepared by caprylic acid or ammonium sulphate fractionation of IgG, in Bothrops and Porthidium snake bites in Colombia: correlation between safety and biochemical characteristics of antivenoms","volume":"37","author":"Otero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.11.017","article-title":"Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of two polyvalent, caprylic acid fractionated [IgG and F(ab')2] antivenoms, in Bothrops asper bites in Colombia","volume":"59","author":"Otero-Patino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00005-1","article-title":"Clinical trial of two antivenoms for the treatment of Bothrops and Lachesis bites in the north eastern Amazon region of Brazil","volume":"98","author":"Pardal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0170","first-page":"163","article-title":"Trial of heparin in viper bites","volume":"51","author":"Paul","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0175","first-page":"14","article-title":"High-dose anti-snake venom versus low-dose anti-snake venom in the treatment of poisonous snake bites\u2014a critical study","volume":"52","author":"Paul","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0180","first-page":"338","article-title":"Trial of low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of viper bites","volume":"55","author":"Paul","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0185","first-page":"173","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of snake bite envenoming: a pilot study","volume":"39","author":"Sellahewa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0190","first-page":"621","article-title":"Role of heparin in the management of snake (Echis carinatus) bite cases","volume":"34","author":"Shah","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"7475","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7475.1129","article-title":"Crotaline snake bite in the Ecuadorian Amazon: randomised double blind comparative trial of three South American polyspecific antivenoms","volume":"329","author":"Smalligan","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6489","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6489.177","article-title":"Randomised trial of antivenom in snake envenomation with prolonged clotting time","volume":"291","author":"Thomas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"5942","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5942.437","article-title":"Bites by the saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis carinatus): trial of two specific antivenoms","volume":"4","author":"Warrell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1976.tb03549.x","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by the carpet viper (Echis carinatus): trial of heparin","volume":"33","author":"Warrell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"6214","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6214.607","article-title":"Comparison of Pasteur and Behringwerke antivenoms in envenoming by the carpet viper (Echis carinatus)","volume":"280","author":"Warrell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.1235","article-title":"Randomized comparative trial of three monospecific antivenoms for bites by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand: clinical and laboratory correlations","volume":"35","author":"Warrell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90678-9","article-title":"A randomized \u2018blinded\u2019 comparison of two doses of antivenom in the treatment of Bothrops envenoming in Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"89","author":"Jorge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.525","article-title":"Snake bites by the Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni): paralysis, hemostatic and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and effects of antivenom","volume":"52","author":"Lalloo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12218","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of fresh frozen plasma for treating venom-induced consumption coagulopathy in cases of Australian snakebite (ASP-18)","volume":"11","author":"Isbister","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0240","first-page":"282","article-title":"Heparin therapy in Russell's viper bite victims with disseminated intravascular coagulation: a controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Tin Na","year":"1992","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2007.01407.x","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy from Australian brown snake (Pseudonaja) envenoming","volume":"37","author":"Isbister","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch118","article-title":"Life-threatening envenoming by the Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) causing micro-angiopathic haemolysis, coagulopathy and acute renal failure: clinical cases and review","volume":"97","author":"Schneemann","year":"2004","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.692","article-title":"Acute renal failure following snakebite","volume":"24","author":"Chugh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0000000000000120","article-title":"Comparative sensitivity of commercially available aPTT reagents to mulga snake (Pseudechis australis) venom","volume":"46","author":"Lincz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathology"}],"container-title":["Transfusion Medicine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887796314000972?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887796314000972?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T03:12:33Z","timestamp":1598584353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887796314000972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0887796314000972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-7963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-7963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hematologic Effects and Complications of Snake Envenoming","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Transfusion Medicine Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}