{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:01:25Z","timestamp":1792558885891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,17]],"date-time":"2004-09-17T11:08:02Z","timestamp":1095419282000},"page":"413-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Ochratoxin A: induction of (oxidative) DNA damage, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mammalian cell lines and primary cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Hennicke G.","family":"Kamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Eisenbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Schlatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"W\u00fcrth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Janzowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90332-9","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in ochratoxin a but not oosporein toxicity to rat renal proximal tubules","volume":"107","author":"Aleo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Significance of apoptosis and its relationship to antioxidants after ochratoxin a administration in mice","volume":"3","author":"Atroshi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050389","article-title":"Reduction of the ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity in vero-cells by aspartame","volume":"71","author":"Baudrimont","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib4","first-page":"733","article-title":"Ochratoxin A carcinogenesis in the (C57BL\/6J \u00d7 C3H)F1 mouse","volume":"75","author":"Bendele","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib5","unstructured":"Boorman, G.A., 1989. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Ochratoxin A in F344\/N Rats, NTP Technical Report 358, NIH Publication No. 89-2813."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(97)00106-X","article-title":"A new method for the enrichment of single renal proximal tubular cells and their first use in the comet assay","volume":"393","author":"Brendler-Schwaab","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1021\/tx015516q","article-title":"Electrochemical oxidation of ochratoxin A: correlation with 4-chlorophenol","volume":"14","author":"Calcutt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104s3465","article-title":"Oxidative damage to DNA: Do we have a reliable biomarker?","volume":"104","author":"Collins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400339","article-title":"Apoptosis and the cell cycle: the p53 connection","volume":"5","author":"Choisy-Rossi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Death Diff."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(79)90013-9","article-title":"In vitro inhibition of yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase by ochratoxin A","volume":"24","author":"Creppy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(85)90006-2","article-title":"Genotoxicity of ochratoxin A in mice: DNA single-strand break evaluation in spleen, liver and kidney","volume":"28","author":"Creppy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib12","unstructured":"Creppy, E.E., Castegnaro, M., Grosse, Y., M\u00e9riaux, J., Manier, C., Moncharmont, P., Waller, C., 1993. Etude de l\u2019ochratoxicose humaine dans trios regions de France: Alsace, Aquitaine et r\u00e9gion Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes. In: Creppy, E.E., Castegnaro M., Dirheimer, G., (Eds.), Human Ochratoxicosis and its Pathologies, Colloque INSERM\/John Libbey Eurotext Ltd., vol. 231, pp. 147\u2013158."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1021\/ja034221r","article-title":"Ochratoxin A forms a carbon-bonded C8-deoxyguanosine nucleoside adduct: implications for C8 reactivity by a phenolic radical","volume":"125","author":"Dai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050400","article-title":"Induction of micronuclei with ochratoxin A in ovine seminal vesicle cell cultures","volume":"71","author":"Degen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00184","article-title":"Species- and sex-specific renal cytotoxicity of ochratoxin A and B in vitro","volume":"53","author":"Dietrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib16","first-page":"349","article-title":"Glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and Mixed disulfides in biological samples","volume":"1b","author":"Gallagher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Meth. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib17","unstructured":"Galtier, P., 1991 Pharmacokinetics of ochratoxin A in animals. In: Castegnaro, M., Plestina, R., Dirheimer, G., Chernozemsky, I.N., Bartsch, H., (Eds.), Mycotoxins, Endemic Nephropathy and Urinary Tract Tumours, IARC Scientific Publications No. 115, Lyon, pp. 187\u2013200."},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib18","first-page":"108","article-title":"Blood serum levels of ochratoxin A and nutrition habits","volume":"51","author":"Gareis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Lebensmittelhyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1021\/tx000070j","article-title":"Metabolism of ochratoxin A: Absence of formation of genotoxic derivatives by human and rat enzymes","volume":"14","author":"Gautier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00507-X","article-title":"Oxidative damage and stress response from ochratoxin A exposure in rats","volume":"30","author":"Gautier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Rad. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39305-X","article-title":"Ochratoxin A induces JNK activation and apoptosis in MDCK-C7 cells at nanomolar concentrations","volume":"293","author":"Gekle","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1021\/tx9901074","article-title":"Oxidation of ochratoxin A by an Fe-porphyrin system: model for enzymatic activation and DNA cleavage","volume":"12","author":"Gillman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(01)00260-1","article-title":"DNA-damaging potential and glutathione depletion of 2-cyclohexene-1-one in mammalian cells, compared to food relevant 2-alkenals","volume":"497","author":"Glaab","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0111817","article-title":"Metabolism and lack of DNA reactivity of the mycotoxin ochratoxin a in cultured rat and human primary hepatocytes","volume":"50","author":"Gross-Steinmeyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib25","unstructured":"Hald, B., 1991. Ochratoxin A in human blood in european countries. In: Castegnaro, M., Plestina, R., Dirheimer, G., Chernozemsky, I.N., Bartsch, H. (Eds.), Mycotoxins, Endemic Nephropathy and Urinary Tract Tumours, IARC Scientific Publications No. 115, Lyon 159\u2013164."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27388","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.44.27388","article-title":"Free radical generation as induced by ochratoxin A and its analogs in bacteria (Bacillus brevis)","volume":"271","author":"Hoehler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(97)00026-8","article-title":"Induction of free radicals in hepatocytes, mitochondria and microsomes of rats by ochratoxin A and its analogs","volume":"1357","author":"Hoehler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib28","unstructured":"International programme on chemical safety (IPCS), 2001. Safety Evaluation of Certain Mycotoxins in Food, WHO Food Additives Series 47, World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geg018","article-title":"Alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: induction of oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells","volume":"18","author":"Janzowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib30","unstructured":"Kamp, H.G., Turesky, R., Schlatter, J., Eisenbrand, G., Janzowski, C., 2004. Ochratoxin A: induction of oxidative DNA damage in primary rat tubular cells and in rats. Arch. Pharmacol. 369, Suppl. 1, R124, 495."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib31","unstructured":"Kamp, H.G., 2004 Untersuchungen zur nephrotoxischen Wirkung des Mykotoxins Ochratoxin A. Thesis, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, D386."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398809531092","article-title":"Renal enzyme activities inexperimental ochratoxin A-induced porcine nephropathy: diagnostic potential of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity","volume":"23","author":"Krogh","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-001-0291-9","article-title":"Detection of ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage in MDCK cells by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay)","volume":"75","author":"Lebrun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/00015128309435357","article-title":"Environmental conditions that facilitate ochratoxin contamination of agricultural commodities","volume":"33","author":"Lillehoj","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg073","article-title":"A new approach to studying ochratoxin (OTA)-induced nephrotoxicity: expression and profiling in vivo and in vitro employing cDNA microarrays","volume":"73","author":"L\u00fche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050211","article-title":"Foodstuffs and human blood contamination by the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: correlation with chronic interstitial nephropathy in Tunisia","volume":"69","author":"Maaroufi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1021\/tx034188m","article-title":"Ochratoxin A: lack of formation of covalent DNA adducts","volume":"17","author":"Mally","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02737806","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by an inhibitor of cAMP-specific PDE in malignant murine carcinoma cells overexpressing PDE activity in comparison to their nonmalignant counterparts","volume":"28","author":"Marko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/63.2.256","article-title":"Species-, sex-, and cell type specific effects of Ochratoxin A and B","volume":"63","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00169-1","article-title":"In vitro DNA and dGMP adducts formation caused by ochratoxin A","volume":"127","author":"Obrecht-Pflumio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-003-0501-8","article-title":"Apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A in rat kidney","volume":"77","author":"Petrik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib42","first-page":"57","article-title":"MESNA protects rats against nephrotoxicity but not carcinogenicity induced by ochratoxin A, implicating two separate pathways","volume":"9","author":"Pfohl-Leszkowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Biol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90662-4","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation as a possible cause of ochratoxin A toxicity","volume":"37","author":"Rahimtula","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(02)00159-X","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the ochratoxin A-mediated toxicity in proximal tubular cells","volume":"1588","author":"Schaaf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib45","first-page":"43","article-title":"Carcinogenicity and kinetic aspects of ochratoxin A","volume":"13","author":"Schlatter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007662101880","article-title":"The nephrotoxin ochratoxin A induces apoptosis in cultured human proximal tubule cells","volume":"15","author":"Schwerdt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1222","article-title":"A comparative study of ochratoxin A-induced apoptosis in hamster kidney and HeLa cells","volume":"129","author":"Seegers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0","article-title":"A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells","volume":"175","author":"Singh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.13.1107","article-title":"New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening","volume":"82","author":"Skehan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib50","unstructured":"Steyn, P.S., 1993. Mycotoxins of human health concern. In: Creppy, E.E., Castegnaro, M., Dirheimer, G. (Eds.), Human Ochratoxicosis and Its Pathologies, Colloque INSERM\/John Libbey Eurotext Ltd., vol. 231, pp. 3\u201331."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19960601)24:2<131::AID-CYTO5>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"A novel assay to measure loss of plasma membrane asymmetry during apoptosis of adherent cells in culture","volume":"24","author":"Van Engeland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(03)00261-8","article-title":"Toxicokinetics of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A in F 344 rats after oral administration","volume":"192","author":"Zepnik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X04004561?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X04004561?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:50:26Z","timestamp":1759531826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300483X04004561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300483X04004561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-483X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-483X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ochratoxin A: induction of (oxidative) DNA damage, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mammalian cell lines and primary cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2004.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}