{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:00:45Z","timestamp":1790510445488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,28]],"date-time":"2005-12-28T10:00:24Z","timestamp":1135764024000},"page":"197-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effects of erdosteine, N-acetylcysteine, and vitamin E on nicotine-induced apoptosis of pulmonary cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Rezan","family":"Demiralay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"G\u00fcrsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Havva","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00242-7","article-title":"Oxidative stress and gene expression","volume":"28","author":"Allen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00010-5","article-title":"Inhibition of cigarette smoke-related adducts in rat tissues by indole-3-carbinol","volume":"452","author":"Arif","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.8.1491","article-title":"Induction, persistence and modulation of cytogenetic alterations in cells of smoke-exposed mice","volume":"20","author":"Balansky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.4.1630","article-title":"In vivo antioxidant treatment supresses nuclear factor-\u03baB activation and neutrophilic lung inflammation","volume":"157","author":"Blackwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00039602","article-title":"Oral N-acetylcysteine attenuates the rat pulmonary inflammatory response to antigen","volume":"21","author":"Blesa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib6","first-page":"739","article-title":"Assessment of the antioxidant activity of the SH metabolite I of erdosteine on human neutrophil oxidative bursts","volume":"50","author":"Braga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.6_Supplement.267S","article-title":"Oxidant-protease interaction in the lung. Prospects for antioxidant therapy","volume":"110","author":"Buhl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00302-6","article-title":"Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress","volume":"29","author":"Cadens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00466.2001","article-title":"Cigarette smoke extract induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human lung fibroblasts","volume":"284","author":"Carnevali","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-097OC","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is central to acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and connective tissue breakdown","volume":"166","author":"Churg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(02)00162-X","article-title":"Nicotine increases oxidative stress, activates NF-\u03baB and GRP78, induces apoptosis and sensitizes cells to genetoxic\/xenobiotic stresses by a multiple stress inducer, deoxycholate: relevance to colon carcinogenesis","volume":"145","author":"Crowley-Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/22.3.375","article-title":"Modulation of apoptosis by cigarette smoke and cancer chemopreventive agents in the respiratory tract of rats","volume":"22","author":"D\u2019Agostini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib13","first-page":"793","article-title":"Molecular alterations and lung tumors in p53 mutant mice exposed to cigarette smoke","volume":"63","author":"De Flora","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/22.7.999","article-title":"Mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of DNA damage and cancer, with special reference to smoking-related end-points","volume":"22","author":"De Flora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199652060-00009","article-title":"Erdosteine","volume":"52","author":"Dechant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5067","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.9.5067","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis stimulates p53 accumulation and p2lWAF1 proteolysis in ME-l80 cells","volume":"273","author":"Donato","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00229.x","article-title":"Melatonin limits lung injury in bleomycin treated mice","volume":"39","author":"Genovese","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(87)90113-2","article-title":"Enhanced chemotaxis and superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from nicotine-treated and smoke-exposed rats","volume":"45","author":"Gillespie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000067796","article-title":"A comparative study of antioxidants S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide and vitamin E on the damages induced by nicotine in rats","volume":"67","author":"Helen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/rr172","article-title":"Mechanism of cigarette smoke condensate-induced acute inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"3","author":"Hellermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.9.753","article-title":"DNA alterations in rat organs after chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and\/or ethanol ingestion","volume":"12","author":"Izzotti","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90376-5","article-title":"Nicotine potentiates superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils","volume":"86","author":"Jay","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib23","first-page":"581","article-title":"Modulatory effects of curcumin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity","volume":"56","author":"Kalpana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.09.037","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of vitamin E on proinflammatory cytokines-and endotoxine-induced nitric oxide release in alveolar macrophages","volume":"76","author":"Khanduja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00285-8","article-title":"Neutrophils cause oxidative DNA damage in alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Knaapen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2206019","article-title":"Vitamin E as an antioxidant of the lung. Mechanisms of vitamin E delivery to alveolar type ll cells","volume":"166","author":"Kolleck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.2008.S10","article-title":"Genes, oxidative stress, and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"53","author":"Koyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.04.008","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis in the lung tissue from rats exposed to cigarette smoke involves p38\/JNK MAPK pathway","volume":"155","author":"Kuo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09101989","article-title":"Dose-dependent cigarette smoking-related inflammatory responses in healthy adults","volume":"9","author":"Kuschner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(92)90034-I","article-title":"Cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage in cultered human lung cells: role of hydroxyl radicals and endonuclease activation","volume":"81","author":"Leanderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00227-4","article-title":"Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, \u03b2-carotene and red ginseng)","volume":"132","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00007.2002","article-title":"Lung edema clearence: 20 years of progress selected contribution: lung hypoxia: antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of liposomal \u03b1-tocopherol","volume":"93","author":"Minko","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00450-9","article-title":"Cigarette smoke impairs neutrophil respiratory burst activation by aldehyde-induced thiol modifications","volume":"160","author":"Nguyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00041-0","article-title":"Oxidative damage in tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke","volume":"25","author":"Park","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020380","article-title":"Inflammatory cells and mediators in bronchial lavage of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Pesci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000601)86:5<610::AID-IJC2>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP3A, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adduct formation in bronchoalveolar macrophages of smokers and non-smokers","volume":"86","author":"Piipari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01055","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.4.8887607","article-title":"Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers","volume":"154","author":"Rahman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(02)00189-0","article-title":"Vitamin E deficiency sensitizes alveolar type ll cells for apoptosis","volume":"1583","author":"Sinha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/54.1.104","article-title":"The influence of antioxidants on cigarette smoke-induced DNa single-strand breaks in mouse organs: a preliminary study with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay","volume":"54","author":"Tsuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l528","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200207000-00022","article-title":"Fas\/Fas ligand pathway is involved in the resolution of type II pneumocyte hyperplasia after acute lung injury: evidence from a rat model","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1993.tb04455.x","article-title":"Oxygen radicals potentiate the genetic toxicity of tobacco-specific nitrosamines","volume":"43","author":"Weitberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200316147","article-title":"Rapid Akt activation by nicotine and a tobacco carcinogen modulates the phenotype of normal human airway epithelial cells","volume":"111","author":"West","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10449","article-title":"Involvement of human heat shock protein 90\u03b1 in nicotine-induced apoptosis","volume":"100","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib44","first-page":"1859","article-title":"Effects of hypercapnia on nuclear factor-kappaB and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in acute lung injury models","volume":"117","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s002449900537","article-title":"Comparison of pure nicotine-and smokeless tobacco extract-induced toxicities an oxidative stress","volume":"37","author":"Yildiz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.01.017","article-title":"Nicotine, its metabolism and an overview of its biological effects","volume":"43","author":"Yildiz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X05005676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X05005676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:53:51Z","timestamp":1759532031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300483X05005676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300483X05005676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-483X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-483X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effects of erdosteine, N-acetylcysteine, and vitamin E on nicotine-induced apoptosis of pulmonary cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2005.11.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}