{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:53:13Z","timestamp":1759539193345,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,13]],"date-time":"2006-12-13T07:21:59Z","timestamp":1165994519000},"page":"234-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The initiation activity of norfloxacin does not result in the induction of hepatocellular tumors in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Itoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyoshi","family":"Moto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kuroiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunitoshi","family":"Mitsumori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1284","article-title":"Antibacterial activities and inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) and its optical isomers against type II topoisomerases","volume":"42","author":"Akasaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/10.4.343","article-title":"Genotoxicity of 17 gyrase- and four mammalian topoisomerase II-poisons in prokaryotic and eukaryotic test systems","volume":"10","author":"Albertini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199207030-00006","article-title":"Mutagenicity of quinolone antibacterials","volume":"7","author":"Fort","year":"1992","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1996.tb03114.x","article-title":"A topoisomerase II inhibitor, NK109, induces DNA single- and double-strand breaks and apoptosis","volume":"87","author":"Fukuda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh241","article-title":"No-observed effect levels for carcinogenicity and for in vivo mutagenicity of a genotoxic carcinogen","volume":"81","author":"Hoshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.11.003","article-title":"Genotoxic potential of quinolone antimicrobials in the in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test","volume":"603","author":"Itoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.02.019","article-title":"Liver initiation activity of norfloxacin but not nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, and ciprofloxacin on in vivo short-term liver initiation assay in rats","volume":"222","author":"Itoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/69.2.317","article-title":"Mechanistic study on flumequine hepatocarcinogenicity focusing on DNA damage in mice","volume":"69","author":"Kashida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib9","first-page":"112","article-title":"Promotion by dietary phenobarbital of hepatocarcinogenesis by 2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene in the rat","volume":"39","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.881","article-title":"Similarity in the catalysis of DNA breakage and rejoining by type IA and IIA DNA topoisomerases","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3109\/01480549109017868","article-title":"Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of nalidixic acid in rodents","volume":"14","author":"Morrissey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(93)90029-U","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin: mammalian DNA topoisomerase type II poison in vivo","volume":"301","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.15.95","article-title":"The effects of allyl alcohol-induced cell proliferation for detection of initiation activities of chemicals in rat liver","volume":"15","author":"Okamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"year":"1991","series-title":"Physicians\u2019 Desk Reference","author":"Physicians\u2019 Desk Reference","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib14"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(99)00306-7","article-title":"Summation of initiation activities of low doses of the non-hepatocarcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the liver after carbon tetrachloride administration","volume":"148","author":"Sakai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01055.x","article-title":"Differential effects of partial hepatectomy and carbon tetrachloride administration on induction of liver cell foci in a model for detection of initiation activity","volume":"92","author":"Sakai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib17","first-page":"378","article-title":"Mutagenicity of the new quinolone antibacterial agent levofloxacin","volume":"43","author":"Shimada","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(02)00284-X","article-title":"Genotoxicity of lomefloxacin\u2014an antibacterial drug in somatic and germ cells of Swiss albino mice in vivo","volume":"535","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib19","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Induction of resistant hepatocytes as a new principle for a possible short-term in vivo test for carcinogens","volume":"40","author":"Tsuda","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib20","first-page":"80","article-title":"Value of GST-P positive preneoplastic hepatic foci in dose-response studies of hepatocarcinogenesis: evidence for practical thresholds with both genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens. A review of recent work","volume":"31","author":"Tsuda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib21","unstructured":"WHO, 1995. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Forty-second report of the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organ Tech. Rep. Ser. 851, pp. 1\u201342."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(96)00067-8","article-title":"Phenobarbital mechanistic data and risk assessment: enzyme induction, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion","volume":"71","author":"Whysner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)90037-X","article-title":"Carcinogenicity studies of oxolinic acid in rats and mice","volume":"32","author":"Yamada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X06007396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X06007396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:57:25Z","timestamp":1759532245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300483X06007396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300483X06007396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-483X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-483X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The initiation activity of norfloxacin does not result in the induction of hepatocellular tumors in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2006.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}