{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:32:41Z","timestamp":1790321561320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":471,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T13:47:02Z","timestamp":1329400022000},"page":"94-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["A role for solvents in the toxicity of agricultural organophosphorus pesticides"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"294","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Eddleston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Naredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosala","family":"Dissanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ly-Mee","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Worek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sionagh","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Thiermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Eddie Clutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.04.030","article-title":"Analysis of inhibition, reactivation and aging kinetics of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds with human and pig acetylcholinesterase","volume":"224","author":"Aurbek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B: Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200423030-00003","article-title":"Glyphosate poisoning","volume":"23","author":"Bradberry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0020","first-page":"CD005085","article-title":"Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning","volume":"2","author":"Buckley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7476.1231","article-title":"Overcoming apathy in research on organophosphate poisoning","volume":"329","author":"Buckley","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.08.081","article-title":"Evidences for CYP3A4 autoactivation in the desulfuration of dimethoate by the human liver","volume":"241","author":"Buratti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/189507a0","article-title":"Toxic hazard from formulating the insecticide dimethoate in methyl \u2018Cellosolve\u2019","volume":"189","author":"Casida","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650802172063","article-title":"Hypotension in severe dimethoate self-poisoning","volume":"46","author":"Davies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pe1000357","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000357","article-title":"Acute human lethal toxicity of agricultural pesticides: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Dawson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.091785","article-title":"From pesticides to medicinal drugs: time series analyses of methods of self-harm in Sri Lanka","volume":"90","author":"de Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.09.013","article-title":"Swine models in the design of more effective medical countermeasures against organophosphorus poisoning","volume":"233","author":"Dorandeu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.11.715","article-title":"Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in the developing world","volume":"93","author":"Eddleston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pe1000104","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000104","article-title":"Pralidoxime in acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning--a randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Eddleston","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67598-8","article-title":"Differences between organophosphorus insecticides in human self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study","volume":"366","author":"Eddleston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7430.42","article-title":"Self poisoning with pesticides","volume":"328","author":"Eddleston","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)90014-X","article-title":"Anti-digoxin Fab fragments in cardiotoxicity induced by ingestion of yellow oleander: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"355","author":"Eddleston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp119","article-title":"Poisoning with the S-alkyl organophosphorus insecticides profenofos and prothiofos","volume":"102","author":"Eddleston","year":"2009","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.10.014","article-title":"Paradox findings may challenge orthodox reasoning in acute organophosphate poisoning","volume":"187","author":"Eyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0095","series-title":"FAO Specifications and Evaluations for Agricultural Pesticides \u2013 Dimethoate. Food and Agricultural Organization","author":"Food and Agricultural Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0100","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2002. International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides (Revised Version, adopted by the Hundred and Twenty-third Session of the FAO Council in November 2002), 0 edn. FAO, Rome."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2010.05.007","article-title":"The minipig as a platform for new technologies in toxicology","volume":"62","author":"Forster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2010.05.003","article-title":"The RETHINK project: minipigs as models for the toxicity testing of new medicines and chemicals: an impact assessment","volume":"62","author":"Forster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05874.x","article-title":"Monitoring neuromuscular block: an update","volume":"64","author":"Fuchs-Buder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p357","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-357","article-title":"The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Gunnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym164","article-title":"The impact of pesticide regulations on suicide in Sri Lanka","volume":"36","author":"Gunnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0130","series-title":"Environmental Health Criteria 190. Xylenes","author":"International Programme on Chemical Safety","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0135","first-page":"139","article-title":"Acute pesticide poisoning: a major global health problem","volume":"43","author":"Jeyaratnam","year":"1990","journal-title":"World Health Stat. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2010.01.003","article-title":"Simultaneous quantification of the organophosphorus pesticides dimethoate and omethoate in porcine plasma and urine by LC-ESI-MS\/MS and flow-injection-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"878","author":"John","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B: Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2.6.875","article-title":"Species differences between mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human CYP-mediated drug metabolism, inhibition and induction","volume":"2","author":"Martignoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L379","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00010.2008","article-title":"Animal models of acute lung injury","volume":"295","author":"Matute-Bello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-006-0120-2","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition: does it explain the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds?","volume":"80","author":"Maxwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0160","series-title":"The Minipig in Biomedical Research","author":"McAnulty","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0165","first-page":"709","article-title":"Treatment of severe organophosphorus poisoning by large doses of PAM","volume":"7","author":"Namba","year":"1959","journal-title":"Naika no Ryoiki (Domain Intern. Med.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1958.02990150030007","article-title":"PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) therapy of alkylphosphate poisoning","volume":"166","author":"Namba","year":"1958","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1080\/00028896909343157","article-title":"Range-finding toxicity data: list VII","volume":"30","author":"Smyth","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-1-11","article-title":"Minipig cytochrome P450 3A, 2A and 2C enzymes have similar properties to human analogs","volume":"1","author":"Soucek","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2006.03.003","article-title":"The minipig in toxicology","volume":"57","author":"Svendsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0190","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Metabolism of chlorpyrifos by human cytochrome P450 isoforms and human, mouse, and rat liver microsomes","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.10.102","article-title":"Correlation between red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity and neuromuscular transmission in organophosphate poisoning","volume":"157\u2013158","author":"Thiermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0200","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, 2008. Revised Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions for Dimethoate. US Environmental Protection Agency (21.01.11, ref type: electronic citation)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39465.451748.AD","article-title":"Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study","volume":"336","author":"Wood","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.10.021","article-title":"Inhibition, reactivation and aging kinetics of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds: pig versus minipig acetylcholinesterase","volume":"244","author":"Worek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00144-8","article-title":"Improved determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood","volume":"288","author":"Worek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0220","series-title":"The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification: 2009","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005_bib0225","series-title":"Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used in Agriculture","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X12000479?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X12000479?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T23:18:25Z","timestamp":1759533505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300483X12000479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300483X12000479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-483X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-483X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A role for solvents in the toxicity of agricultural organophosphorus pesticides","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2012.02.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}