{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:19:16Z","timestamp":1788884356956,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T11:10:38Z","timestamp":1606561838000},"page":"152650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Formaldehyde induces ferroptosis in hippocampal neuronal cells by upregulation of the Warburg effect"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"448","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Na","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"San-Qiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Song","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Yun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00608.x","article-title":"Brain iron pathways and their relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"79","author":"Berg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2300(92)90054-D","article-title":"Perspectives on formaldehyde toxicity: separating fact from fantasy","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28097","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.680090","article-title":"Ablation of the ferroptosis inhibitor glutathione peroxidase 4 in neurons results in rapid motor neuron degeneration and paralysis","volume":"290","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12741","article-title":"Inhibition of ALDH2 protects PC12 cells against formaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity: involving the protection of hydrogen sulphide","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25998","article-title":"Involvement of the Warburg effect in non-tumor diseases processes","volume":"233","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.024","article-title":"Interactions between iron and alpha-synuclein pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"141","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.05.011","article-title":"Ferroptosis, a newly characterized form of cell death in Parkinson\u2019s disease that is regulated by PKC","volume":"94","author":"Do Van","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2011.07.003","article-title":"Reproductive and developmental toxicity of formaldehyde: a systematic review","volume":"728","author":"Duong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.05.007","article-title":"The neurotoxicity of iron, copper and manganese in Parkinson\u2019s and Wilson\u2019s diseases","volume":"31","author":"Dusek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01708.x","article-title":"Determination of formaldehyde in formaldehyde-releaser patch test preparations","volume":"63","author":"Emeis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3064","article-title":"Inactivation of the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 triggers acute renal failure in mice","volume":"16","author":"Friedmann Angeli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b01111","article-title":"A urinary metabolic signature for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica","volume":"15","author":"Gebregiworgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668591394275","article-title":"Formaldehyde (CH2O) concentrations in the blood of humans and Fischer-344 rats exposed to CH2O under controlled conditions","volume":"46","author":"Heck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0831078100","article-title":"Dichloroacetate effects on glucose and lactate oxidation by neurons and astroglia in vitro and on glucose utilization by brain in vivo","volume":"100","author":"Itoh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-010-0563-x","article-title":"Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"345","author":"Jomova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1021\/ac001498q","article-title":"Formaldehyde in human cancer cells: detection by preconcentration-chemical ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"73","author":"Kato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200010000-00005","article-title":"Indoor air effects after building renovation and in manufactured homes","volume":"320","author":"Kilburn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1987.9935806","article-title":"Formaldehyde impairs memory, equilibrium, and dexterity in histology technicians: effects which persist for days after exposure","volume":"42","author":"Kilburn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0100","first-page":"277","article-title":"Exposure to formaldehyde and its potential human health hazards","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2613","article-title":"Tau deficiency induces parkinsonism with dementia by impairing APP-mediated iron export","volume":"18","author":"Lei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0110","first-page":"272","article-title":"[Formaldehyde inhalation may damage olfactory bulb and hippocampus in rats]","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539518800348","article-title":"Formaldehyde exposure in indoor air from public places and its associated health risks in Kunshan City, China","volume":"30","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00248","article-title":"Metal ions in alzheimer\u2019s disease: a key role or not?","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)00552-1","article-title":"Determination of formaldehyde in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection","volume":"753","author":"Luo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.07.007","article-title":"The role of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"74","author":"Mezzaroba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.037","article-title":"Effects of tissue preservation on murine bone mechanical properties","volume":"42","author":"Nazarian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0261-8","article-title":"Differential expression of glucose-metabolizing enzymes in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"3","author":"Nijland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.01.139","article-title":"Effects of postnatal formaldehyde exposure on pyramidal cell number, volume of cell layer in hippocampus and hemisphere in the rat: a stereological study","volume":"1145","author":"Sarsilmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.08.046","article-title":"Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity in patients with atopic dermatitis: reactivity to topical preservatives","volume":"70","author":"Shaughnessy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.06.002","article-title":"Formaldehyde in China: production, consumption, exposure levels, and health effects","volume":"35","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2011.05485.x","article-title":"Formaldehyde induces neurotoxicity to PC12 cells involving inhibition of paraoxonase-1 expression and activity","volume":"38","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0165","article-title":"Serum metabolic profile in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"2011","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9388-8","article-title":"Accumulated hippocampal formaldehyde induces age-dependent memory decline","volume":"35","author":"Tong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22292","article-title":"Formate generated by cellular oxidation of formaldehyde accelerates the glycolytic flux in cultured astrocytes","volume":"60","author":"Tulpule","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12356","article-title":"Formaldehyde in brain: an overlooked player in neurodegeneration?","volume":"127","author":"Tulpule","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.09.007","article-title":"Formaldehyde induces rapid glutathione export from viable oligodendroglial OLN-93 cells","volume":"61","author":"Tulpule","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12170","article-title":"Formaldehyde metabolism and formaldehyde-induced stimulation of lactate production and glutathione export in cultured neurons","volume":"125","author":"Tulpule","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-017-0343-6","article-title":"Warburg effect hypothesis in autism Spectrum disorders","volume":"11","author":"Vallee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.06.080","article-title":"Exposure assessment through realistic laboratory simulation of a soccer stadium fire","volume":"81","author":"van Belle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03777-0","article-title":"Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate preserves intracellular glutathione and protects cortical neurons against oxidative stress","volume":"960","author":"Vexler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-014-0094-7","article-title":"Brain aerobic glycolysis functions and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Vlassenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.014","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis and tau deposition in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"67","author":"Vlassenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"3191","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309","article-title":"On the origin of cancer cells","volume":"123","author":"Warburg","year":"1956","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062827","article-title":"Role of transient receptor potential ion channels and evoked levels of neuropeptides in a formaldehyde-induced model of asthma in BALB\/c mice","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.158","article-title":"Ferroptosis: process and function","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.010","article-title":"Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.030","article-title":"Iron is a potential key mediator of glutamate excitotoxicity in spinal cord motor neurons","volume":"1257","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X20302894?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X20302894?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T23:44:23Z","timestamp":1759535063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300483X20302894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0300483X20302894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-483X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-483X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Formaldehyde induces ferroptosis in hippocampal neuronal cells by upregulation of the Warburg effect","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152650","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152650"}}