{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:06:29Z","timestamp":1784300789994,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T19:00:48Z","timestamp":1634842848000},"page":"152996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["3-Indolepropionic acid upturned male reproductive function by reducing oxido-inflammatory responses and apoptosis along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of adult rats exposed to chlorpyrifos"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"463","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4973-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon E.","family":"Owumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses T.","family":"Otunla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uche O.","family":"Arunsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-0520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eseroghene S.","family":"Najophe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233710373088","article-title":"Chloroform-induced oxidative stress in rat liver: implication of metallothionein","volume":"26","author":"Abbassi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2015.1107312","article-title":"Redox status of the testes and sperm of rats following exposure to 2,5-hexanedione","volume":"21","author":"Adedara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.095","article-title":"Taurine enhances spermatogenic function and antioxidant defense mechanisms in testes and epididymis of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats","volume":"97","author":"Adedara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.05.205","article-title":"Diphenyl diselenide abrogates chlorpyrifos-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis impairment in rats","volume":"503","author":"Adedara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220947387","article-title":"Calliandra portoricensis ameliorates ovarian and uterine oxido-inflammatory responses in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and benzo[a]pyrene-treated rats","volume":"245","author":"Adefisan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7912-6","article-title":"Individual and combined effect of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on reproductive system of adult male albino rats","volume":"24","author":"Alaa-Eldin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.06.007","article-title":"Tangeretin, a citrus pentamethoxyflavone, exerts cytostatic effect via p53\/p21 up-regulation and suppresses metastasis in 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Arivazhagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0040","article-title":"Rutin ameliorates copper sulfate-induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rats","author":"Arowoogun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0045","first-page":"319","article-title":"Effect of chlorpyrifos on sperm characteristics and testicular tissue changes in adult male rats","volume":"8","author":"Babazadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0050","first-page":"319","article-title":"Effect of chlorpyrifos on sperm characteristics and testicular tissue changes in adult male rats","volume":"8","author":"Babazadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0055","series-title":"Theory and Practise of Histological Techniques","author":"Bancroft","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00029-6","article-title":"Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers","volume":"107","author":"Banerjee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0065","series-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","author":"Bergmeyer","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.69","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility","volume":"14","author":"Bisht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/59.2.260","article-title":"Effects of repeated oral postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos on open-field behavior in juvenile rats","volume":"59","author":"Carr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0085","series-title":"Catalase Activity","author":"Clairborne","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.3109\/00498254.2012.702246","article-title":"Bioactivation of chlorpyrifos by CYP2B6 variants","volume":"42","author":"Crane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.01.006","article-title":"Effect of CYP2B6*6 and CYP2C19*2 genotype on chlorpyrifos metabolism","volume":"293","author":"Crane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/500130a","article-title":"Best way to kill lab animals sought","volume":"500","author":"Cressey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.10.002","article-title":"Hyperprolactinaemia in male infertility: clinical case scenarios","volume":"16","author":"Dabbous","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6","article-title":"Tissue sulfhydryl groups","volume":"82","author":"Ellman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0120","series-title":"Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Chlorpyrifos; United States Environmental Protection Agency.","first-page":"1","author":"EPA, U.S","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.10.003","article-title":"Chlorpyrifos induced reproductive toxicity in male mice","volume":"29","author":"Farag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.02.015","article-title":"Intragastric preloads of l-tryptophan reduce ingestive behavior via oxytocinergic neural mechanisms in male mice","volume":"125","author":"Gartner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56860-7","article-title":"Improving the practicality of using non-aversive handling methods to reduce background stress and anxiety in laboratory mice","volume":"9","author":"Gouveia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000049948.64660.06","article-title":"Heparin mobilizes xanthine oxidase and induces lung inflammation in acute pancreatitis","volume":"31","author":"Granell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X","article-title":"Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids","volume":"126","author":"Green","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0160","first-page":"6","article-title":"A good death? Report of the second newcastle meeting on laboratory animal euthanasia","author":"Hawkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0165","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cumulative protective effect of melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic acid against KIO(3)-Induced lipid peroxidation in porcine thyroid","author":"Iwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.04.036","article-title":"Assessment of insecticide contamination in runoff and stream water of small agricultural streams in the main soybean area of Argentina","volume":"61","author":"Jergentz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000136485","article-title":"Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis. Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3,4-bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite","volume":"11","author":"Jollow","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.1100","article-title":"Relative efficacies of indole antioxidants in reducing autoxidation and iron-induced lipid peroxidation in hamster testes","volume":"81","author":"Karbownik","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1321","article-title":"Protective effects of melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid against lipid peroxidation, caused by potassium bromate in the rat kidney","volume":"24","author":"Karbownik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.02.003","article-title":"JNK and p38 MAPK regulate oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis","volume":"218","author":"Ki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2012.00418.x","article-title":"Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"41","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0200","first-page":"11","article-title":"Indole-3-Propionic acid, a tryptophan-derived bacterial metabolite, reduces weight gain in rats","author":"Konopelski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.06.005","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species regulated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to chlorpyrifos","volume":"263","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.04.001","article-title":"Nuclear NF-\u03baB contributes to chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis through p53 signaling in human neural precursor cells","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.020","article-title":"Chlorpyrifos-induced reproductive toxicity in rats could be partly relieved under high-fat diet","volume":"229","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0220","first-page":"5","article-title":"The gut microbiota-produced Indole-3-Propionic acid confers the antihyperlipidemic effect of mulberry-derived 1-Deoxynojirimycin","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0225","first-page":"506","article-title":"[Effects of chlorpyrifos on dopaminergic neuronal viability with activation of microglia]","volume":"33","author":"Lou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0230","series-title":"Alkaline Phosphatase","author":"Malymy","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-004-0558-6","article-title":"Dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos in human volunteers","volume":"78","author":"Meuling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45228-9","article-title":"The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"247","author":"Misra","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500406","article-title":"Exposures of preschool children to chlorpyrifos and its degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in their everyday environments","volume":"15","author":"Morgan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.575586","article-title":"Indole propionic acid, an unusual antibiotic produced by the gut microbiota, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties","volume":"11","author":"Negatu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08222-4","article-title":"Synergic effects of aerobic exercise and eugenol supplement on germ cell development and testicular tissue structure in chlorpyrifos-treated animal model","volume":"27","author":"Nikbin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(84)90046-2","article-title":"Chlorpyrifos: pharmacokinetics in human volunteers","volume":"73","author":"Nolan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by Thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.02.007","article-title":"Manganese suppresses oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-3 activation in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos","volume":"6","author":"Owumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22327","article-title":"Fluoride and diethylnitrosamine coexposure enhances oxido-inflammatory responses and caspase-3 activation in liver and kidney of adult rats","volume":"33","author":"Owumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13316","article-title":"Gallic acid protects against Aflatoxin B1 -induced oxidative and inflammatory stress damage in rats kidneys and liver","volume":"44","author":"Owumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220936206","article-title":"Gallic acid enhances reproductive function by modulating oxido-inflammatory and apoptosis mediators in rats exposed to aflatoxin-B1","volume":"245","author":"Owumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152556","article-title":"Protocatechuic acid modulates reproductive dysfunction linked to furan exposure in rats","volume":"442","author":"Owumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13669","article-title":"Selenium attenuates diclofenac-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in rats","volume":"52","author":"Owumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13630","article-title":"Gallic acid and omega-3 fatty acids mitigate epididymal and testicular toxicity in manganese-treated rats","volume":"52","author":"Owumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0305","first-page":"4","article-title":"Luteolin abates reproductive toxicity mediated by the oxido-inflammatory response in Doxorubicin-treated rats","author":"Owumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220917643","article-title":"Gallic acid and omega-3 fatty acids decrease inflammatory and oxidative stress in manganese-treated rats","volume":"245","author":"Owumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13615","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid co-administration abates tamoxifen-mediated reproductive toxicities in male rats: an experimental approach","volume":"45","author":"Owumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115380","article-title":"Co-administration of Luteolin mitigated toxicity in rats\u2019 lungs associated with doxorubicin treatment","volume":"411","author":"Owumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0325","article-title":"Decrease in reproductive dysfunction using aflatoxin B1 exposure: a treatment with 3-indolepropionic acid in albino Wistar rat","author":"Owumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9617-x","article-title":"Low doses of chlorpyrifos interfere with spermatogenesis of rats through reduction of sex hormones","volume":"24","author":"Peiris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2018.04.001","article-title":"The insecticides chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid induce redox imbalance in umbilical cord blood erythrocytes in vitro","volume":"148","author":"Quintana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2761","article-title":"Apoptosis-based therapies for hematologic malignancies","volume":"106","author":"Reed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(98)00108-X","article-title":"Bcl-2 family proteins and mitochondria","volume":"1366","author":"Reed","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1126\/science.179.4073.588","article-title":"Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase","volume":"179","author":"Rotruck","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11080571","article-title":"Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic acid reduce oxidative damage to membrane lipids induced by high Iron concentrations in porcine skin","volume":"11","author":"Rynkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Membranes (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.21838","article-title":"Effects of chlorpyrifos on reproductive toxicology of male rats","volume":"29","author":"Sai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2017.1317627","article-title":"Protective effects of oil of Sardinella pilchardis against subacute chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in female rats","volume":"73","author":"Saoudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.05.019","article-title":"Organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos impairs STAT1 signaling to induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity: implications for mitochondria mediated oxidative stress signaling events","volume":"117","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v7.i3.353","article-title":"Overview of cytokines and nitric oxide involvement in immuno-pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"7","author":"Soufli","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22050","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of nanoencapsulated flavonoid against chlorpyrifos-induced hepatic oxidative damage and immunotoxicity in Wistar rats","volume":"32","author":"Suke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0385","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Metabolism of chlorpyrifos by human cytochrome P450 isoforms and human, mouse, and rat liver microsomes","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0390","series-title":"Hayes\u2019 Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Third Edition)","first-page":"1505","article-title":"Chapter 70 - chlorpyrifos","author":"Testai","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142649","article-title":"A comprehensive review on chlorpyrifos toxicity with special reference to endocrine disruption: evidence of mechanisms, exposures and mitigation strategies","volume":"755","author":"Ubaid Ur Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0400","first-page":"376","article-title":"Acid phosphatases of the rat testis in experimental conditions","volume":"72","author":"Vanha\u2010Perttula","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0405","series-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","first-page":"118","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase. UV-method with pyruvate and NADH","author":"Vassault","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(70)86184-7","article-title":"New technique for assessing acrosomal characteristics of spermatozoa","volume":"53","author":"Wells","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0415","series-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"WHO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812874106","article-title":"Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites","volume":"106","author":"Wikoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(87)90281-6","article-title":"Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in erythrocytes: a spectrophotometric assay and a fluorescent spot test compared with a cytochemical method","volume":"168","author":"Wolf","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605642","article-title":"Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research","volume":"102","author":"Workman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22155","article-title":"Study of the chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity using neural differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Zarei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0440","series-title":"Collection and Evaluation of Semen","author":"Zemjanis","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0445","first-page":"1","article-title":"Indole-3-propionic acid inhibits gut dysbiosis and endotoxin leakage to attenuate steatohepatitis in rats","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117010","article-title":"Chronic chlorpyrifos exposure induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and immune dysfunction in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"282","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X21003188?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X21003188?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T23:50:15Z","timestamp":1759535415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300483X21003188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0300483X21003188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-483X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-483X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"3-Indolepropionic acid upturned male reproductive function by reducing oxido-inflammatory responses and apoptosis along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of adult rats exposed to chlorpyrifos","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152996","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152996"}}