{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:22:17Z","timestamp":1773336137143,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/03586\\u20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/03586\\u20132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/23975\\u20130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/23975\\u20130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:06:35Z","timestamp":1759795595000},"page":"154299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Particulate matter extracted from human anthracotic tissues induces inflammatory markers in co-culture of lung cells and macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"519","author":[{"given":"Daniela Perroni","family":"Frias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Lima","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0752-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Smelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Amorim","family":"De Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Sergio","family":"Cardoso da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Vit\u00f3rio","family":"Sussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regiani","family":"Carvalho-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Hil\u00e1rio Nascimento","family":"Saldiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais","family":"Mauad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3335-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Macchione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.015511","article-title":"Gene-specific effects of inflammatory cytokines on cytochrome P450 2C, 2B6 and 3A4 mRNA levels in human hepatocytes","volume":"35","author":"Aitken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-018-0250-8","article-title":"Carbon load in airway macrophages as a biomarker of exposure to particulate air pollution; a longitudinal study of an international panel","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00296-06","article-title":"Binding of glucuronoxylomannan to the CD14 receptor in human A549 alveolar cells induces interleukin-8 production","volume":"14","author":"Barbosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccin. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199901)187:1<8::AID-PATH232>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of human cancer risk: gene-environment interactions andp53 mutation spectrum in human lung cancer","volume":"187","author":"Bennett","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01604.x","article-title":"Bronchial anthracostenosis with mediastinal fibrosis associated with long-term wood-smoke exposure","volume":"14","author":"Boonsarngsuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020196","article-title":"Chronic exposure to low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons promotes lipid accumulation and metabolic inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Bright","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11579","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103319","article-title":"Long-term PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression by enhancing interleukin-17a (IL-17a)-regulated proliferation and metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"153138","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib8","article-title":"Hyperoside suppresses hypoxia-induced A549 survival and proliferation through ferrous accumulation via AMPK\/HO-1 axis","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"123686","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib9","article-title":"PM2.5 induces a senescent state in mouse AT2 cells","volume":"347","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2023.01.016","article-title":"Deposition and clinical impact of inhaled particles in the lung","volume":"59","author":"Clar\u00e0","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Bronc.."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233719851699","article-title":"Man-made mineral fiber effects on the expression of anti-oncogenes P53 and P16 and oncogenes C-JUN and C-FOS in the lung tissue of wistar rats","volume":"35","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"issue":"136152","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib12","article-title":"Chemical characteristics analysis of automobile exhaust particles and the method for evaluating its ecological effect","volume":"307","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2020.29029.cd","article-title":"Deposition mechanisms","volume":"33","author":"Darquenne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib14","unstructured":"Defaee S., Khajavi-Mayvan F., Sheybani-Arani M., Montazeri M., Barahimi E., Salimi Asl A. Anthracosis, epidemiology, gene and cancer: An updated mini-review. babol-caspjim [Internet]. 2025 Jan 1;16(1):20\u20137. Available from: \u3008http:\/\/caspjim.com\/article-1-3903-en.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59930-3","article-title":"Nrf2 positively regulates autophagy antioxidant response in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to diesel exhaust particles","volume":"10","author":"Frias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2002.127773","article-title":"Plasma levels of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 are inversely related to cytochrome P450-dependent drug metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Frye","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.179","article-title":"Air pollution and its effects on the immune system","volume":"151","author":"Glencross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122134","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory effects of road wear particles and diesel exhaust particles in bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages","volume":"283","author":"Grytting","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamanaka R.B., Mutlu G.M. Particulate matter air pollution: Effects on the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Nov;9(680).","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00680"},{"issue":"7955","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05874-3","article-title":"Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants","volume":"616","author":"Hill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.753940","article-title":"Diversity of macrophages in lung homeostasis and diseases","volume":"12","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18991","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9430-6","article-title":"Potential lung carcinogenicity induced by chronic exposure to PM2.5 in the rat","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116560","article-title":"Exposure to diesel exhaust particle extracts (DEPe) impairs some polarization markers and functions of human macrophages through activation of AhR and Nrf2","volume":"10","author":"Jaguin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib24","first-page":"3129","article-title":"Multi-Gene expression in anthracosis of the lungs as one of the risk factors for Non-Small cell lung cancer","volume":"18","author":"Jamaati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib25","first-page":"175","article-title":"What do we know about anthracofibrosis? A literature review","volume":"16","author":"Jamaati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"issue":"117219","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib26","article-title":"Organ and tissue-specific distribution of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ApoE-KO mouse","volume":"286","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14179","article-title":"Antioxidants prevent particulate matter-induced senescence of lung fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.09.023","article-title":"Interactive effects of inflammatory cytokine and abundant low-molecular-weight PAHs on inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication, disruption of cell proliferation control, and the AhR-dependent transcription","volume":"232","author":"Kab\u00e1tkov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012","article-title":"Human health effects of air pollution","volume":"151","author":"Kampa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.11.011","article-title":"Biomass smoke induced bronchial anthracofibrosis: presenting features and clinical course","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.4.10.887","article-title":"Pulmonary anthracosis \u2014a community disease","volume":"4","author":"Klotz","year":"1914","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health (N. Y.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.12.017","article-title":"Benzo[a]pyrene promotes proliferation of human lung cancer cells by accelerating the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway","volume":"278","author":"Kometani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052972","article-title":"Carbon in airway macrophages and lung function in children","volume":"355","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0394-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of ultrafine particle-induced respiratory health effects","volume":"52","author":"Leikauf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-13","article-title":"The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.07.008","article-title":"Chemical characterisation of particulate matter in urban transport modes","volume":"100","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. (China)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: a review","volume":"13","author":"Mirsadraee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv040","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from metabolism to lung cancer","volume":"145","author":"Moorthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27646","article-title":"Macrophage polarity in cancer: a review","volume":"120","author":"Najafi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"138181","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib40","article-title":"Overview of PM2.5 and health outcomes: focusing on components, sources, and pollutant mixture co-exposure","volume":"323","author":"Nan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-006-9019-7","article-title":"Sterilization of allograft bone: is 25 kgy the gold standard for gamma irradiation?","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib42","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in ambient urban dust drive proinflammatory T cell and dendritic cell responses via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in vitro","volume":"13","author":"O'Driscoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(00)00329-0","article-title":"Characterization of chromosomal aberrations in lung cancer cell lines by cross-species color banding","volume":"124","author":"Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Genet. Cytogenet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051303","article-title":"Lung tumor cell-derived exosomes promote M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"9","author":"Pritchard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15432","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15999-5","article-title":"A review on morphology, nanostructure, chemical composition, and number concentration of diesel particulate emissions","volume":"29","author":"Rana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0692-4","article-title":"The mutational signature profile of known and suspected human carcinogens in mice","volume":"52","author":"Riva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0125-8","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Rothhammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1930","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib48","article-title":"Chemokine-induced macrophage polarization in inflammatory conditions","volume":"9","author":"Ruytinx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93807-3","article-title":"HLA-DR cancer cells expression correlates with t cell infiltration and is enriched in lung adenocarcinoma with indolent behavior","volume":"11","author":"Senosain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03162.x","article-title":"Metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogens by cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1B1","volume":"95","author":"Shimada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1312","article-title":"Respiratory changes due to long-term exposure to urban levels of air pollution: a histopathologic study in humans","volume":"113","author":"Souza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.07.001","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary carcinogenesis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): implications for human lung cancer","volume":"76","author":"Stading","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.03.006","article-title":"Pleural anthracosis as an indicator of lifetime exposure to urban air pollution: an autopsy-based study in sao paulo","volume":"173","author":"Takano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib54","first-page":"48","article-title":"Bronchial anthracostenosis in patients exposed to biomass smoke","volume":"8","author":"T\u00f6r\u00fcn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turk. Respir. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib55","first-page":"339","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter and human health: toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Valavanidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health C. Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11040707","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) limits the inflammatory responses in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via interference with NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"11","author":"V\u00e1zquez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8363","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218363","article-title":"Lactic acid and an acidic tumor microenvironment suppress anticancer immunity","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01506.x","article-title":"The implication of background anthracosis in the development and progression of pulmonary adenocarcinoma","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.024","article-title":"Never deem lightly the \u201cless harmful\u201d low-molecular-weight PAH, NPAH, and OPAH \u2014 disturbance of the immune response at real environmental levels","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2020.129672","article-title":"Oxidative stress-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor activation regulates PM2.5-induced over-secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators from human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"1864","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib61","article-title":"Ambient fine particulate matter provokes multiple modalities of cell death via perturbation of subcellular structures","volume":"195","author":"W\u0101ng","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib62","series-title":"In Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health","article-title":"Biological disposition of airborne particles: basic principles and application to vehicular emissions","author":"Watson","year":"1988"},{"issue":"118767","key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib63","article-title":"Diesel exhaust particulate emissions and in vitro toxicity from euro 3 and euro 6 vehicles","volume":"297","author":"Zerboni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2022.105480","article-title":"Acute cytotoxicity test of PM2.5, NNK and BPDE in human normal bronchial epithelial cells: a comparison of a co-culture model containing macrophages and a mono-culture model","volume":"85","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."}],"container-title":["Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X25002586?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300483X25002586?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:04:34Z","timestamp":1773295474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300483X25002586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0300483X25002586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-483X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-483X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Particulate matter extracted from human anthracotic tissues induces inflammatory markers in co-culture of lung cells and macrophages","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154299","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"154299"}}