{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:43:54Z","timestamp":1790876634679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon: X"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T14:34:09Z","timestamp":1595946849000},"page":"100054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Serum IgE against galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose is common in Laotian patients with snakebite envenoming but not the major trigger for early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Joerg","family":"Blessmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soulaphap","family":"Hanlodsomphou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bounlom","family":"Santisouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khamla","family":"Choumlivong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somphet","family":"Soukhaphouvong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phankham","family":"Chanthilat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Brockow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilo","family":"Biedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.11.014","article-title":"Drug allergens and food \u2013 the cetuximab and galactose- \u03b1-1,3-galactose story","volume":"112","author":"Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.029","article-title":"Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074943","article-title":"Cetuximab-induced anaphylaxis and IgE specific for galactose- \u03b1-1,3-galactose","volume":"358","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.019","article-title":"The relevance of tick bites to the production of IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-\u03b1-1,3-galactose","volume":"127","author":"Commins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12739","article-title":"Adverse reactions to snake antivenom and their prevention and treatment","volume":"81","author":"De Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-016-0099-z","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of \u03b1-gal syndrome: from immediate-type to delayed immediate-type reactions to mammalian innards and meat","volume":"25","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13073","article-title":"Alpha-gal is a possible target of IgE -mediated reactivity to antivenom","volume":"72","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13156","article-title":"Prevalence of type I sensitization to alpha-gal in forest service employees and hunters","volume":"72","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12326","article-title":"IgE antibodies to alpha-gal in the general adult population: relationship with tick bites, atopy, and cat ownership","author":"Gonzales-Quintela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.09.010","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanism underlying adverse reactions induced by intravenous administration of snake antivenoms","volume":"76","author":"Leon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12969","article-title":"Predictive values of alpha-gal IgE levels and alpha-gal IgE:Total IgE ratio and oral food challenge-proven meat allergy in a population with a high prevalence of reported red meat allergy","volume":"29","author":"Mabelane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70008-1","article-title":"Causes of non-malarial fever in Laos: a prospective study","volume":"1","author":"Mayxay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib13","article-title":"Antivenoms in snake envenoming: are they safe?","volume":"4","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001037","article-title":"Helminth and intestinal Protozoa infections, multiparasitism and risk factors in champasack province, Lao People's democratic republic","volume":"5","author":"Somphou","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1947","article-title":"The alpha-gal story: lessons learned from connecting the dots","volume":"135","author":"Steinke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002326","article-title":"Immune response to snake envenoming and treatment with antivenom: complement activation, Cytokine production and Mast cell Degranulation","volume":"7","author":"Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.09.007","article-title":"Low incidence of early reactions to horse-derived F(ab\u2019)2 antivenom for snakebites in Thailand","volume":"105","author":"Thiansookon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib18","first-page":"166","article-title":"First survey of the hard tick (Acari: ixodidae) fauna of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos, and an updated checklist of the ticks of Laos","volume":"21","author":"Vongphayloth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.03.011","article-title":"Prospective, consecutive case series of 158 snakebite patients treated at Savannakhet provincial hospital, Lao People's Democratic Republic with high incidence of anaphylactic shock to horse-derived F(ab)2 antivenom","volume":"117","author":"Vongphoumy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicon: X"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590171020300321?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590171020300321?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:12:30Z","timestamp":1762917150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590171020300321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S2590171020300321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1710"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1710","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum IgE against galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose is common in Laotian patients with snakebite envenoming but not the major trigger for early anaphylactic reactions to antivenom","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon: X","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100054","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100054"}}