{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:11:38Z","timestamp":1773245498500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,14]],"date-time":"2004-04-14T09:27:58Z","timestamp":1081934878000},"page":"671-684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Isolation, molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel \u03b2-toxin from the Venezuelan scorpion, Tityus zulianus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo J.","family":"Alfonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen C.","family":"Garc\u0131\u0301a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nena J.","family":"Winand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Leipold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan H.","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00140-4","article-title":"Characterization of the gene encoding the \u03b1-toxin AmmV from the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus","volume":"39","author":"Alami","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(75)90371-9","article-title":"Amino acid sequence of neurotoxin I from Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing","volume":"166","author":"Babin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33546-4","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus venom contains two classes of toxins. Tityus gamma toxin is a new tool with a very high affinity for studying the Na channel","volume":"257","author":"Barhanin","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00252-5","article-title":"Scorpion toxins from Tityus cambridgei that affect Na(+)-channels","volume":"40","author":"Batista","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80428-W","article-title":"The genomic region encoding toxin gamma from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus contains an intron","volume":"335","author":"Becerril","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3130753","article-title":"Toxic peptides and genes encoding toxin gamma of the Brazilian scorpions Tityus bahiensis and Tityus stigmurus","volume":"313","author":"Becerril","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00198-5","article-title":"Toxins and genes isolated from scorpions of the genus Tityus","volume":"35","author":"Becerril","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB8","first-page":"296","article-title":"Amino acid sequence of Toxin VII, a new \u03b2-toxin from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"139","author":"Bechis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)85133-6","article-title":"Rapid analysis of amino acids using pre-column derivatization","volume":"336","author":"Bidlingmeyer","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(90)90139-X","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of toxic proteins from the venom of the Venezuelan scorpion, Tityus discrepans (Karsch)","volume":"28","author":"Borges","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB11","first-page":"65","article-title":"Scorpionism in Venezuela","volume":"16","author":"Borges","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Biol. Venez."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00201-3","article-title":"Antibodies against Tityus discrepans venom do not abolish the effect of Tityus serrulatus venom on the rat sodium and potassium channels","volume":"37","author":"Borges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB13","first-page":"60","article-title":"Epidemiological and toxicological characterization of the envenomation by Tityus zulianus (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"25","author":"Borges","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Fac. Medicina (Caracas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80606-6","article-title":"Voltage sensor-trapping enhanced activation of sodium channels by beta-scorpion toxin bound to the S3-S4 loop in domain II","volume":"21","author":"Cest\u00e8le","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00117-1","article-title":"Molecular basis for the cross-reactivity of antibodies elicited by a natural anatoxin with alpha- and beta-toxins from the venom of Tityus serrulatus scorpion","volume":"38","author":"Chavez-Olortegui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050959","article-title":"Modulation of cloned skeletal muscle sodium channels by the scorpion toxins Lqh II, Lqh III, and Lqh alphaIT","volume":"439","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.117.6.505","article-title":"Interaction of scorpion alpha-toxins with cardiac sodium channels: binding properties and enhancement of slow inactivation","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate\u2013phenol\u2013chloroform extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(93)90290-Y","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus venom toxin display a complex pattern of antigenic reactivity","volume":"31","author":"De Lima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-79302000000200002","article-title":"An epidemiological review of scorpion stings in Venezuela: the Northeastern region","volume":"6","author":"De Sousa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00156-5","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography purification and amino acid sequence of toxins from the muscarinic fraction of Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"34","author":"D'Suze","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB22","series-title":"Catalog of the Scorpions of the World","first-page":"228","article-title":"Genus Tityus C.L. Koch, 1836","author":"Fet","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB23","first-page":"69","article-title":"Ar\u00e1cnidos de Venezuela: cuatro especies nuevas del g\u00e9nero Tityus (Scorpionida: Buthidae)","volume":"21","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Sponga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Biol. Venez."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/15569549809009247","article-title":"Functional anatomy of scorpion toxins affecting sodium channels","volume":"17","author":"Gordon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB25","series-title":"Perspectives in Molecular Toxinology","first-page":"215","article-title":"Scorpion toxins differentiating among neuronal sodium channel subtypes: nature's guide for design of selective drugs","author":"Gordon","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00294-5","article-title":"The selectivity of scorpion alpha-toxins for sodium channel subtypes is determined by subtle variations at the interacting surface","volume":"41","author":"Gordon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0571hyp","article-title":"Diversification of neurotoxins by C-tail wiggling: a scorpion recipe for survival","volume":"15","author":"Gurevitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00152.x","article-title":"Role of lysine and tryptophan residues in the biological activity of toxin VII (\u03b3) from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"260","author":"Hassani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(67)11021-5","article-title":"Performic acid oxidation","volume":"11","author":"Hirs","year":"1967","journal-title":"Meth. Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.12.4372","article-title":"Identification of genes from pattern formation, tyrosine kinase, and potassium channel families by DNA amplification","volume":"86","author":"Kamb","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00017-2","article-title":"Venom variability among several Tityus serrulatus specimens","volume":"35","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.12.2990-2996.1996","article-title":"Group-specific identification of polioviruses by PCR using primers containing mixed-base or deoxyinosine residue at positions of codon degeneracy","volume":"34","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/bms.1200191103","article-title":"MacProMass: a computer program to correlate mass spectral data to peptide and protein structures","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB34","first-page":"99","article-title":"A simplified method for evaluating dose-effect experiments","volume":"96","author":"Litchfield","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-79301995000200002","article-title":"Scorpions, scorpionism, life history strategies and parthenogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Lourenco","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/nt.2620010211","article-title":"The \u03b2-type toxin Ts II from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus: amino acid sequence determination and assessment of biological and antigenic properties","volume":"1","author":"Mansuelle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nat. Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.80.3.363","article-title":"Effects of Tityus serrulatus scorpion toxin gamma on voltage-gated sodium channels","volume":"80","author":"Marcotte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)61214-1","article-title":"Purification and chemical and biological characterizations of seven toxins from the Mexican scorpion, Centruroides suffusus suffusus","volume":"262","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80445-M","article-title":"Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding the main \u03b2-neurotoxin from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"302","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00145-9","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system activation, antivenin administration and cardiovascular manifestations of scorpion envenomation","volume":"40","author":"Mazzei de D\u00e1vila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB42","first-page":"35","article-title":"Emponzo\u00f1amiento escorpi\u00f3nico: cl\u0131\u0301nica y laboratorio usando antivenina","volume":"30","author":"Mota","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bol. Hosp. Ni\u00f1os (Caracas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90377-8","article-title":"Antigenic cross-reactivity among the venoms from several species of Brazilian scorpions","volume":"32","author":"Nishikawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00240-3","article-title":"Purification, amino-acid sequence and partial characterization of two toxins with anti-insect activity from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus bahiensis (Buthidae)","volume":"39","author":"Pimenta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB45","first-page":"405","article-title":"Structural analysis of Tityus serrulatus Ts1 neurotoxin at atomic resolution: insights into interactions with Na+ channels","volume":"D59","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2611","article-title":"Solution structure of toxin 2 from Centruroides noxius Hoffmann, a \u03b2-scorpion neurotoxin acting on sodium channels","volume":"287","author":"Pintar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2868","article-title":"Crystal structure of neurotoxin Ts1 from Tityus serrulatus provides insights into the specificity and toxicity of scorpion toxins","volume":"290","author":"Polikarpov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2290739","article-title":"Scorpion toxins from Centruroides noxius and Tityus serrulatus. Primary structures and sequence comparison by metric analysis","volume":"227","author":"Possani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00625.x","article-title":"Scorpion toxins specific for Na+-channels","volume":"264","author":"Possani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB50","first-page":"258","article-title":"Pancreatitis aguda por emponzo\u00f1amiento escorpi\u00f3nico. Estudio retrospectivo","volume":"51","author":"Rossomando","year":"1997","journal-title":"GEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB51","series-title":"Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB52","first-page":"169","article-title":"A simple device for collecting scorpion venom","volume":"2","author":"Shulov","year":"1969","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(99)80085-4","article-title":"The fluorescence of scorpions and caractogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Stachel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050830","article-title":"Inactivated state dependence of sodium channel modulation by \u03b2-scorpion toxin","volume":"437","author":"Tsushima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00582600","article-title":"The effect of Tityus serrulatus scorpion toxin \u03b3 on Na channels","volume":"401","author":"Vijverberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00400.x","article-title":"3-\u2032 end processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes","volume":"23","author":"Wahle","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB57","first-page":"H443","article-title":"Effect of New World scorpion toxins on single-channel and whole-cell cardiac sodium currents","volume":"254","author":"Yatani","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16635.x","article-title":"Amino acid sequence and immunological characterization with monoclonal antibodies of two toxins from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann","volume":"204","author":"Zamudio","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101010400087X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101010400087X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T15:50:54Z","timestamp":1623772254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004101010400087X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S004101010400087X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}}}