{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T06:40:17Z","timestamp":1776235217213,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,15]],"date-time":"2006-06-15T13:22:19Z","timestamp":1150377739000},"page":"278-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Snake venom glutaminyl cyclase"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Manjunatha Kini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(90)90079-U","article-title":"The amino acid sequence of the acidic subunit B-chain of crotoxin","volume":"1040","author":"Aird","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(90)90045-H","article-title":"The complete sequence of the acidic subunit from Mojave toxin determined by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry","volume":"1037","author":"Bieber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.67.3.835","article-title":"Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma","volume":"67","author":"Blobel","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47446-7","article-title":"An enzyme(s) that converts glutaminyl-peptides into pyroglutamyl-peptides. Presence in pituitary, brain, adrenal medulla, and lymphocytes","volume":"262","author":"Busby","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib5","first-page":"339","article-title":"Structure-function studies on the bradykinin potentiating peptide from Chinese snake venom (Agkistrodon halys Pallas)","volume":"6","author":"Chi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(96)01144-1","article-title":"Accelerated evolution of crotalinae snake venom gland serine proteases","volume":"397","author":"Deshimaru","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.11.3628","article-title":"Identification of a mammalian glutaminyl cyclase converting glutaminyl into pyroglutamyl peptides","volume":"84","author":"Fischer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3228405","article-title":"From genome to \u201cvenome\u201d: molecular origin and evolution of the snake venom proteome inferred from phylogenetic analysis of toxin sequences and related body proteins","volume":"15","author":"Fry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-003-2497-3","article-title":"Isolation of a neurotoxin (alpha-colubritoxin) from a nonvenomous colubrid: evidence for early origin of venom in snakes","volume":"57","author":"Fry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1148","article-title":"Analysis of Colubroidea snake venoms by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: evolutionary and toxinological implications","volume":"17","author":"Fry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.6.3827","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV\/CD26) degradation of glucagon. Characterization of glucagon degradation products and DPIV-resistant analogs","volume":"275","author":"Hinke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504184102","article-title":"Crystal structures of human glutaminyl cyclase, an enzyme responsible for protein N-terminal pyroglutamate formation","volume":"102","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.056515","article-title":"Lachesis muta (Viperidae) cDNAs reveal diverging pitviper molecules and scaffolds typical of cobra (Elapidae) venoms: implications in snake toxin repertoire evolution","volume":"173","author":"Junqueira-de-Azevedo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03725.x","article-title":"Molecular moulds with multiple missions: functional sites in three-finger toxins","volume":"29","author":"Kini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006450","article-title":"Accelerated evolution and molecular surface of venom phospholipase A2 enzymes","volume":"48","author":"Kini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5247","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg746","article-title":"The structural integrity exerted by N-terminal pyroglutamate is crucial for the cytotoxicity of frog ribonuclease from Rana pipiens","volume":"31","author":"Liao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1081\/TXR-120004741","article-title":"Biochemistry and pharmacology of colubrid snake venoms","volume":"21","author":"Mackessy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol.\u2014Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.01.007","article-title":"Venom of the Brown Treesnake, Boiga irregularis: ontogenetic shifts and taxa-specific toxicity","volume":"47","author":"Mackessy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib19","series-title":"Enzymes from Snake Venom","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enzymes in snake venoms: an overview","author":"Mebs","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib20","series-title":"Snake Toxins","first-page":"425","article-title":"Amino acid sequences and toxicities of snake venom components","author":"Mebs","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5605","article-title":"Accelerated evolution in the protein-coding regions is universal in crotalinae snake venom gland phospholipase A2 isozyme genes","volume":"92","author":"Nakashima","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(96)00186-2","article-title":"Accelerated evolution of Trimeresurus okinavensis venom gland phospholipase A2 isozyme-encoding genes","volume":"172","author":"Nobuhisa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1998.2580214.x","article-title":"Papaya glutamine cyclase, a plant enzyme highly resistant to proteolysis, adopts an all-beta conformation","volume":"258","author":"Oberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)61036-3","article-title":"Molecular evolution of snake toxins: is the functional diversity of snake toxins associated with a mechanism of accelerated evolution?","volume":"59","author":"Ohno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10059","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10059","article-title":"Primary structure and functional expression of a glutaminyl cyclase","volume":"88","author":"Pohl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-07-0435","article-title":"Two parallel prothrombin activator systems in Australian rough-scaled snake, Tropidechis carinatus. Structural comparison of venom prothrombin activator with blood coagulation factor X","volume":"93","author":"Reza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00167a003","article-title":"Glycoforms modify the dynamic stability and functional activity of an enzyme","volume":"33","author":"Rudd","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10849","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0260381","article-title":"Heterologous expression and characterization of human glutaminyl cyclase: evidence for a disulfide bond with importance for catalytic activity","volume":"41","author":"Schilling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0130077","article-title":"Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of human pituitary glutaminyl cyclase","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00872-8","article-title":"Evidence for tissue-specific forms of glutaminyl cyclase","volume":"455","author":"Sykes","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122805","article-title":"Primary structure of H2-proteinase, a non-hemorrhagic metalloproteinase, isolated from the venom of the habu snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis","volume":"106","author":"Takeya","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biochem. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00623.x","article-title":"Snake venom alpha-neurotoxins and other \u2018three-finger\u2019 proteins","volume":"264","author":"Tsetlin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12672","DOI":"10.1021\/bi980497d","article-title":"Functional comparison of two human monocyte chemotactic protein-2 isoforms, role of the amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid and processing by CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV","volume":"37","author":"Van Coillie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.11.4683","article-title":"A new method for predicting signal sequence cleavage sites","volume":"14","author":"Von Heijne","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7299","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9517704","article-title":"Influence of the carbohydrate moiety on the stability of glycoproteins","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemistry"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010106001954?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010106001954?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T11:20:18Z","timestamp":1627471218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010106001954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041010106001954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}