{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:31:36Z","timestamp":1791484296180,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,3]],"date-time":"2006-12-03T12:12:21Z","timestamp":1165147941000},"page":"758-768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Hyaluronidases in Loxosceles intermedia (Brown spider) venom are endo-\u03b2-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidases hydrolases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Rafael Bertoni","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga Meiri","family":"Chaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oldemir Carlos","family":"Mangili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemiro","family":"Gremski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl Peter","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena B.","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio Sanches","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.12.009","article-title":"Enzymatic characterization, antigenic cross-reactivity and neutralization of dermonecrotic activity of five Loxosceles spider venoms of medical importance in the Americas","volume":"45","author":"Barbaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein\u2013dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02118644","article-title":"The lymphatic route. (1) Albumin and hyaluronidase modify the normal distribution of interferon in lymph and plasma","volume":"15","author":"Bocci","year":"1986","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45990","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406146200","article-title":"l-Ascorbic acid 6-hexadecanoate, a potent hyaluronidase inhibitor, X-Ray structure and molecular modeling of enzyme\u2013inhibitor complexes","volume":"279","author":"Botzki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.05.015","article-title":"Brown spider dermonecrotic toxin directly induces nephrotoxicity","volume":"211","author":"Chaim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023470829671","article-title":"Purification and characterization of Loxnecrogin, a dermonecrotic toxin from Loxosceles gaucho brown spider venom","volume":"22","author":"Cunha","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Protein Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.07.012","article-title":"Brown spider and loxoscelism","volume":"44","author":"da Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00078-8","article-title":"Identification of proteases in the extract of venom glands from brown spider","volume":"40","author":"da Silveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.02.008","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two isoforms of dermonecrotic toxin from Loxosceles intermedia (Brown spider) venom gland","volume":"88","author":"da Silveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.05.028","article-title":"Identification and molecular cloning of insecticidal toxins from the venom of the brown spider Loxosceles intermedia","volume":"44","author":"de Castro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90496-6","article-title":"Electrophoretic behaviour of acidic mucopolysaccharides in diamine buffers","volume":"70","author":"Dietrich","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65354-2","article-title":"Turbidimetric measurement of acid mucopolysaccharides and hyaluronidase activity","volume":"220","author":"Di Ferrante","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00083-4","article-title":"Detection and characterization of metalloproteinases with gelatinolytic, fibronectinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities in brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom","volume":"36","author":"Feitosa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199210000-00008","article-title":"Loxoscelism","volume":"304","author":"Futrell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.11.008","article-title":"Identification of hyaluronidases in Lonomia obliqua venom","volume":"45","author":"Gouveia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1958.309.1.239","article-title":"Spectrophotometric method for the determination of bacterial hyaluronidase","volume":"309","author":"Greiling","year":"1957","journal-title":"Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00201-5","article-title":"Molecular cloning, expression and immunological properties of LiD1, a protein from the dermonecrotic family of Loxosceles intermedia spider venom","volume":"40","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560040902","article-title":"Hyaluronidases\u2014a group of neglected enzymes","volume":"4","author":"Kreil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prot. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.2204","article-title":"Characterization of hyaluronidase isolated from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (Southern Copperhead) venom","volume":"15","author":"Kudo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Bioph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib21","series-title":"Functions of the Proteoglycans","article-title":"The properties and turnover of hyaluronan","author":"Laurent","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540405200404","article-title":"Experimental evidence for a direct cytotoxicity of Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom on renal tissue","volume":"52","author":"Luciano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00928.x","article-title":"A child with spider bite and glomerulonephritis: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"39","author":"Lung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200401096","article-title":"Proteome analysis of brown spider venom: identification of loxnecrogin isoforms in Loxosceles gaucho venom","volume":"5","author":"Machado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(00)00511-6","article-title":"Crystal structure of hyaluronidase, a major allergen of bee venom","volume":"8","author":"Markavi-Housley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2697(03)00251-3","article-title":"Practical determination of hyaluronic acid by a new noncompetitive fluorescence-based assay on serum of normal and cirrhotic patients","volume":"319","author":"Martins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00195-5","article-title":"Hyaluronidase and its substrate: biochemistry, biological activites and therapeutics uses","volume":"131","author":"Menzel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib28","series-title":"The Enzymes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-6047(08)60094-3","article-title":"Hyaluronidases","author":"Meyer","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3109\/15569549509019471","article-title":"Biological and biochemical-properties of venoms from medically important Loxosceles (Araneae) species in Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Mota","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Tox. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2613.2002.00241.x","article-title":"Histopathological findings in rabbits after experimental acute exposure to the Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom","volume":"83","author":"Ospedal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117379","article-title":"The necrotic venom of brown recluse induces dysregulated endothelial cell-dependent neutrophil activation","volume":"94","author":"Patel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02521-4","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression of a functional dermonecrotic and haemolytic factor from Loxosceles laeta venom","volume":"298","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1994.1521","article-title":"Characterization of the group B streptococcal hyaluronate lyase","volume":"315","author":"Pritchard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65959-9","article-title":"A modified colorimetric method for the estimation of N-acetylamino sugars","volume":"217","author":"Reissig","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90058-Y","article-title":"Further characterization of toxins T1IV (TsTX-III) and T2IV from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom","volume":"26","author":"Sampaio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(73)90012-6","article-title":"Purification and characterization of tarantula, Dugesiella hentzi (Girard) venom hyaluronidase","volume":"44","author":"Schanbacher","year":"1973","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10668","article-title":"Hyaluronidase reduces human breast cancer xenografts in SCID mice","volume":"102","author":"Shuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib38","first-page":"90","article-title":"The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lesion caused by the venom of brown spider, Loxosceles recluse","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70288-3","article-title":"Hyaluronidase enhances the therapeutic effect of vinblastine in intralesional treatment of Kaposis's sarcoma","volume":"36","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.11.006","article-title":"Loxoscelism","volume":"24","author":"Swanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.03.027","article-title":"Molecular cloning, expression, function and immunoreactivities of members of a gene family of sphingomyelinases from Loxosceles venom glands","volume":"41","author":"Tambourgi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004031019827","article-title":"Effect of Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom on basement membrane structures","volume":"32","author":"Veiga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(01)00254-7","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro cytotoxicity of brown spider venom for blood vessel endothelial cells","volume":"102","author":"Veiga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001000700002","article-title":"Extracellular matrix molecules as targets for brown spider venom toxins","volume":"34","author":"Veiga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/104.4.463","article-title":"Severe intravascular haemolysis associated with brown recluse spider envenomation","volume":"104","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(73)90469-4","article-title":"Hyaluronidase and esterase activities of the venom of the poisonous brown recluse spider","volume":"159","author":"Wright","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00145-8","article-title":"Comparison of enzymatic activity from three species of necrotising arachnids in Australia: Loxosceles rufescens, Badumna insignis and Lampona cylindrata","volume":"39","author":"Young","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200203000-00009","article-title":"Morphological and biochemical evidence of blood vessel damage and fibrinogenolysis triggered by brown spider venom","volume":"13","author":"Zanetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Coag. Fibrinol."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010106004442?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010106004442?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T11:20:37Z","timestamp":1628162437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010106004442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041010106004442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}}}