{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:20:43Z","timestamp":1777501243776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,23]],"date-time":"2007-06-23T11:08:37Z","timestamp":1182596917000},"page":"666-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Toxin gamma from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom plays an essential role in immunomodulation of macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Vera L.","family":"Petricevich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anselmo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredy I.V.","family":"Coronas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourival D.","family":"Possani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.4.11.2199284","article-title":"Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL-6 and related molecules (IL-1 and TNF)","volume":"4","author":"Akira","year":"1990","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.8.8181668","article-title":"Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury","volume":"8","author":"Albelda","year":"1994","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(81)90029-5","article-title":"Comparative study of the action of purified scorpion toxin (Tityustoxin) on the submandibular and parotid glands of the rat","volume":"19","author":"Andrade","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90137-6","article-title":"The acute phase response","volume":"15","author":"Baumann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.12.5267-5274.1994","article-title":"Live Brucella spp. fail to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha excretion upon infection of U937-derived phagocytes","volume":"62","author":"Caron","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(05)70107-X","article-title":"Immunologic response to infection and its role in septic shock","volume":"16","author":"Casey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(91)90002-Z","article-title":"CD4+ T-cell subsets: regulation of differentiation and function","volume":"142","author":"Coffman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Res. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118110","article-title":"The importance of a lipopolysaccharide-initiated, cytokine-mediated host defense mechanism in mice against extraintestinally invasive Escherichia coli","volume":"96","author":"Cross","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90127-D","article-title":"Acute gastric mucosal injury induced by toxins from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom: a novel experimental model in the rat","volume":"29","author":"Cunha-Melo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.6.2095.bloodjournal8762095","article-title":"Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease","volume":"87","author":"Dinarello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3561-3570.2004","article-title":"Protective role of interleukin-6 during Yersinia enterolitica infection is mediated through the modulation of inflammatory cytokines","volume":"72","author":"Dube","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80364-5","article-title":"Role of cytokines in tuberculosis","volume":"189","author":"Flesh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib13","series-title":"Natural Toxins: Characterization, Pharmacology and Therapeutics","first-page":"139","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of scorpion poisoning","author":"Freire-Maia","year":"1989"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830221006","article-title":"The microbicidal activity of interferon-gamma-treated macrophages against Trypanosoma cruzi involves an l-arginine-dependent, nitrogen oxide-mediated mechanism inhibitable by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"22","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.2.547","article-title":"Interleukin 10 reduces the release of tumor necrosis factor and prevents lethality in experimental endotoxemia","volume":"177","author":"Gerard","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.9.3715-3717.1995","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha acts as an autocrine second signal with gamma interferon to induce nitric oxide in group B streptococcus-treated macrophages","volume":"63","author":"Goodrum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"2 pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib17","first-page":"G315","article-title":"Nitric oxide. I. Physiological chemistry of nitric oxide and its metabolities: implications in inflammation","volume":"276","author":"Grisham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.2.7633696","article-title":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha prevents decreased ventricular contractility in endotoxemic pigs","volume":"152","author":"Herbertson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1155\/MI.2005.349","article-title":"Crotalus durissus terrificus venos interferes with morphological, functional, and biochemical changes in murine macrophage","volume":"14","author":"Hernandez Cruz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.4.1205","article-title":"Interleukin 10 protects mice from lethal endotoxemia","volume":"177","author":"Howard","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib21","first-page":"1","volume":"30","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90384-0","article-title":"The treatment of the scorpion envenoming syndrome: the Saudi experience with serotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Ismail","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(95)00182-4","article-title":"Cytotoxic actions of cytokines on cultured mouse luteal cells independent of nitric oxide","volume":"55","author":"Jo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(79)80637-7","article-title":"In vitro biosynthesis of cold insoluble globulin (fibronectin) by mouse peritoneal macrophages","volume":"105","author":"Johansson","year":"1979","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1998.5295","article-title":"Interleukin-6 augments neutrophil cytotoxic potential via selective enhancement of elastase release","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00017-2","article-title":"Venom variability among several Tityus serrulatus specimens","volume":"35","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.001021","article-title":"Immunity to intracellular bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib28","first-page":"191","article-title":"Antioxidant OPC-14117, attenuates edema formation and behavioral deficits following cortical contusion in rats","volume":"70","author":"Kawamata","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. Suppl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910460422","article-title":"Mechanisms of macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing: a comparative analysis of the roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates and tumor necrosis factor","volume":"46","author":"Keller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.93.1.67","article-title":"Modification of Na+ channel gating by an alpha scorpion toxin from Tityus serrulatus","volume":"93","author":"Kirsh","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.323","article-title":"Nitric oxide and macrophage function","volume":"15","author":"MacMicking","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045","article-title":"TH1 and TH2 cells different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties","volume":"7","author":"Mosmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0602325","article-title":"The many faces of macrophage activation","volume":"73","author":"Mosser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leukocyte Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: roles, tolls, and controls","volume":"78","author":"Nathan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib35","first-page":"9","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis induced by scorpion toxin, Tityustoxin. Histopathological study in rats","volume":"26","author":"Novaes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.11.3578","article-title":"IL-10 synergizes with IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta to inhibit macrophage cytotoxic activity","volume":"148","author":"Oswald","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2004.00030.x","article-title":"Early biological and immune response to semi-identical liver or kidney allograft in miniatura swine","volume":"18","author":"Otsuka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/09629350210308","article-title":"Effect of Tityus serrulatus venom on cytokine production and the activity of murine macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Petricevich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010043343642","article-title":"Cytokine and nitric oxide production following severe envenomation","volume":"3","author":"Petricevich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54273","DOI":"10.1155\/MI\/2006\/54273","article-title":"Balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice treated with Centruroides noxius scorpion venom","volume":"2006","author":"Petricevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1155\/MI.2005.39","article-title":"Immunomodulation effects of the Tityus serrulatus venom on murine macrophage functions in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Petricevich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00227-5","article-title":"Increments in serum cytokine and nitric oxide levels in mice injected with Botrhops asper and Bothrops jararaca snake venom","volume":"38","author":"Petricevich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02906497","article-title":"Purification and chemical characterization of the major toxins from the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Mello","volume":"46","author":"Possani","year":"1981","journal-title":"Carlsberg Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2290739","article-title":"Scorpion toxins from Centruroides noxius and Tityus serrulatus: primary structures and sequence comparison by metric analysis","volume":"229","author":"Possani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.4.1671","article-title":"Purification and physico-chemical characterization of rabbit tumor necrosis factor","volume":"125","author":"Ruff","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.62.3.374","article-title":"Modulation of nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10: differential effects on free and encapsulated immunomodulator","volume":"62","author":"Seyler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Leuk. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.5.1576","article-title":"The characterization of four monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse IL-5 and development of mouse and human IL-5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent","volume":"141","author":"Schumacher","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01711538","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation","volume":"21","author":"Sofer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Intens. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210227","article-title":"Regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release by murine peritoneal macrophages: role of cell stimulation and specific phagocytic plasma membrane receptors","volume":"21","author":"Stein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(99)90194-8","article-title":"The ratio of ilnterleukin-6 to interleukin-10 correlates with severity in patients with chest and abdominal trauma","volume":"17","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib51","first-page":"4653","article-title":"Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer a review of the rationale and clinical evidence","volume":"9","author":"Trikha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01877210","article-title":"Cytokines and the immune response","volume":"8","author":"van der Meide","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biotherapy"},{"issue":"9107","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60606-X","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory profile and mortality in febrile patients","volume":"351","author":"van Dissel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Heart Circ. Physiol. 23","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001_bib54","first-page":"H443","article-title":"Effects of two new world scorpion toxins on single channel and whole cell cardiac sodium channels","volume":"254","author":"Yatani","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010107002085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010107002085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T13:49:00Z","timestamp":1737121740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010107002085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041010107002085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}