{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:32:34Z","timestamp":1793809954584,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]],"date-time":"2007-07-31T07:27:05Z","timestamp":1185866825000},"page":"938-946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["The Loxtox protein family in Loxosceles intermedia (Mello-Leit\u00e3o) venom"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Kalapothakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chatzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves-Dornelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.S.","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.G.","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.V.","family":"Laborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.F.","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.S.","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ol\u00f3rtegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Granier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.C.","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.09.006","article-title":"Production of monoclonal antibodies capable of neutralizing dermonecrotic activity of Loxosceles intermedia spider venom and their use in a specific immunometric assay","volume":"42","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00282-9","article-title":"Protection against dermonecrotic and lethal activities of Loxosceles intermedia spider venom by immunization with a fused recombinant protein","volume":"41","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib4","first-page":"1491","article-title":"Identification and neutralization of biological activities in the venoms of Loxosceles spiders","volume":"29","author":"Barbaro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.12.009","article-title":"Enzymatic characterization, antigenic cross-reactivity and neutralization of dermonecrotic activity of five Loxosceles spider venoms of medical importance in the Americas","volume":"45","author":"Barbaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.11.011","article-title":"Sphingomyelinase D from venoms of Loxosceles spiders: evolutionary insights from cDNA sequences and gene structure","volume":"45","author":"Binford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(03)00011-4","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of Phoneutria nigriventer toxins active on calcium channels","volume":"41","author":"Cardoso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.05.015","article-title":"Brown spider dermonecrotic toxin directly induces nephrotoxicity","volume":"211","author":"Chaim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00159-1","article-title":"ELISA for the detection of venom antigens in experimental and clinical envenoming by Loxosceles intermedia spiders","volume":"36","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ol\u00f3rtegui","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00078-8","article-title":"Identification of proteases in the extract of venom glands from brown spiders","volume":"40","author":"da Silveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.02.008","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two isoforms of dermonecrotic toxin from Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom gland","volume":"88","author":"da Silveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.12.002","article-title":"Two novel dermonecrotic toxins LiRecDT4 and LiRecDT5 from brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom: from cloning to functional characterization","volume":"89","author":"da Silveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.11.146","article-title":"Conformational changes of Loxosceles venom sphingomyelinases monitored by circular dichroism","volume":"327","author":"de Andrade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.05.028","article-title":"Identification and molecular cloning of insecticidal toxins from the venom of the brown spider Loxosceles intermedia","volume":"44","author":"de Castro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-006-9050-4","article-title":"Molecular diversification in spider venoms: a web of combinatorial peptide libraries","volume":"10","author":"Escoubas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Divers."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00083-4","article-title":"Detection and characterization of metalloproteinases with gelatinolytic and fibronectinolytic activities in brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom","volume":"36","author":"Feitosa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.06.019","article-title":"Functional characterization and epitope analysis of a recombinant dermonecrotic protein from Loxosceles intermedia spider","volume":"48","author":"Felicori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0210130","article-title":"Two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients: current state","volume":"21","author":"Gorg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.08.028","article-title":"Loxoscelism: old obstacles, new directions","volume":"44","author":"Hogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00105-6","article-title":"Cloning of cDNAS encoding neurotoxic peptides from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer","volume":"36","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00194-X","article-title":"Screening of expression libraries using ELISA: identification of immunogenic proteins from Tityus bahiensis and Tityus serrulatus venom","volume":"39","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00201-5","article-title":"Molecular cloning, expression and immunological properties of LiD1, a protein from the dermonecrotic family of Loxosceles intermedia spider venom","volume":"40","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Jakobsen, I.B., Nei, M., 2001. MEGA2: molecular evolutionay genetics analysis software.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.12.1244"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20050043","article-title":"Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom phospholipase D (PLD) generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)","volume":"391","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200401096","article-title":"Proteome analysis of brown spider venom: identification of loxnecrogin isoforms in Loxosceles gaucho venom","volume":"5","author":"Machado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.01.123","article-title":"Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism of sphingomyelinases D and evolutionary relationship to glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases","volume":"342","author":"Murakami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.04.010","article-title":"North and South American Loxosceles spiders: development of a polyvalent antivenom with recombinant sphingomyelinases D as antigens","volume":"48","author":"Olvera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.12.002","article-title":"Analysis of the toxic potential of venom from Loxosceles adelaida, a Brazilian brown spider from karstic areas","volume":"45","author":"Pretel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.06.013","article-title":"Genetic and enzymatic characterization of sphingomyelinase D isoforms from the North American fiddleback spiders Loxosceles boneti and Loxosceles reclusa","volume":"44","author":"Ramos-Cerrillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib30","unstructured":"Rosenberg, I.M., 1996. Protein analysis and purification: Benchtop Techniques Birkh\u00e4user, Boston, MA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib31","series-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.002","article-title":"Characterization of the venom from Brazilian brown spider Loxosceles similis Moenkhaus, 1898 (Araneae, Sicariidae)","volume":"46","author":"Silvestre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.07.016","article-title":"Were arachnids the first to use combinatorial peptide libraries?","volume":"26","author":"Sollod","year":"2005","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9474","article-title":"Sphingomyelinases in the venom of the spider Loxosceles intermedia are responsible for both dermonecrosis and complement-dependent hemolysis","volume":"251","author":"Tambourgi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioch. Biophy. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.03.027","article-title":"Molecular cloning, expression, function and immunoreactivities of members of a gene family of sphingomyelinases from Loxosceles venom glands","volume":"41","author":"Tambourgi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23654.x","article-title":"Loxosceles sphingomyelinase induces complement-dependent dermonecrosis, neutrophil infiltration, and endogenous gelatinase expression","volume":"124","author":"Tambourgi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010107002474?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010107002474?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:06:10Z","timestamp":1758575170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010107002474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041010107002474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Loxtox protein family in Loxosceles intermedia (Mello-Leit\u00e3o) venom","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}