{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:34:12Z","timestamp":1772264052726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,20]],"date-time":"2008-08-20T12:50:26Z","timestamp":1219236626000},"page":"787-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effective Tityus serrulatus anti-venom produced using the Ts1 component"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"T.M.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.C.R.","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.F.","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.C.","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kalapothakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00197-0","article-title":"Induction of neutralizing antibodies against Tityus serrulatus scorpion toxins by immunization with a mixture of defined synthetic epitopes","volume":"40","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.07.014","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody against Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom","volume":"46","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(89)90102-5","article-title":"A simplified procedure for the fractionation of Tityus serrulatus venom: isolation and partial characterization of TsTX-IV, a new neurotoxin","volume":"27","author":"Arantes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(84)91211-7","article-title":"Amino acid sequence of toxin VII, a beta-toxin from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"122","author":"Bechis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00198-5","article-title":"Toxins and genes isolated from scorpions of the genus Tityus","volume":"35","author":"Becerril","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0653w.x","article-title":"A recombinant insect-specific \u03b1-toxin of Buthus occitanus tunetanus scorpion confers protection against homologous mammal toxins","volume":"238","author":"Bouhaouala-Zahar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J.\u00a0Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib7","first-page":"10","article-title":"\u00d3bitos por escorpionismo no Brasil (1990\u20131993)","volume":"28","author":"Cardoso","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90506-Z","article-title":"Purification of the main \u03b2-toxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom using high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"30","author":"C\u00e9ard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(82)90138-6","article-title":"Two types of scorpion toxin receptor sites, one related to the activation, the other to the inactivation of the action potential sodium channel","volume":"20","author":"Couraud","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(91)90012-U","article-title":"In vivo protection against scorpion toxins by liposomal immunization","volume":"9","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ol\u00f3rtegui","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00133-X","article-title":"Neutralizing capacity of antibodies elicited by a non-toxic protein purified from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"35","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ol\u00f3rtegui","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00117-1","article-title":"Molecular basis for the cross-reactivity of antibodies elicited by a natural anatoxin with \u03b1- and \u03b2-toxins from the venom of Tityus serrulatus scorpion","volume":"38","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ol\u00f3rtegui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(81)90044-1","article-title":"Scorpion venoms and neurotoxins: an immunological study","volume":"19","author":"Delori","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(93)90290-Y","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom toxins display a complex pattern of antigenic reactivity","volume":"31","author":"De Lima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00337-9","article-title":"Analysis of the immune response induced by a scorpion venom sub-fraction, a pure peptide and a recombinant peptide, against toxin Cn2 of Centruroides noxius Hoffmann","volume":"41","author":"Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.12.027","article-title":"Immunology of scorpion toxins and perspectives for generation of anti-venom vaccines","volume":"23","author":"Gazarian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00187-1","article-title":"Molecular cloning and genomic analysis of TsNTxP: an immunogenic protein from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom","volume":"37","author":"Guatimosim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00138-5","article-title":"Induction of neutralizing antibodies against Tityus serrulatus toxins by immunization with a recombinant nontoxic protein","volume":"38","author":"Guatimosim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00152.x","article-title":"Role of lysine and tryptophan residues in the biological activity of toxin VII (Ts gamma) from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"260","author":"Hassani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib20","series-title":"Biological Standardization","first-page":"37","article-title":"Kaber's method of determining LD50","author":"Kaber","year":"1937"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00017-2","article-title":"Venom variability among several Tityus serrulatus specimens","volume":"35","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00105-6","article-title":"Cloning of cDNAs encoding neurotoxic peptides from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer","volume":"36","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00187-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization, antigenicity and immunogenicity of anatoxic polymeric forms conferring protection against scorpion venoms","volume":"35","author":"Kharrat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00379-6","article-title":"Use of fusion protein constructs to generate potent immunotherapy and protection against scorpion toxins","volume":"20","author":"Legros","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.04.015","article-title":"Molecular characterization of protective antibodies raised in mice by Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom toxins conjugated to bovine serum albumin","volume":"44","author":"Machado De Avila","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01025013","article-title":"The complete amino acid sequence of toxin TsTX-VI isolated from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"9","author":"Marangoni","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Protein Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80445-M","article-title":"Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding the main \u03b2-neurotoxin from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"302","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)80496-6","article-title":"Biochemical, pharmacological and genomic characterisation of Ts IV, an \u03b1-toxin from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"342","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.03.024","article-title":"Localization of epitopes in the toxins of Tityus serrulatus scorpions and neutralizing potential of therapeutic antivenoms","volume":"46","author":"Maria","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.07.019","article-title":"Epitope mapping of the antigenic protein TsNTxP from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom using mouse, rabbit and sheep antibodies","volume":"44","author":"Mendes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib32","series-title":"Manual De Diagn\u00f3stico E Tratamento De Acidentes Por Animais Pe\u00e7onhentos","first-page":"39","article-title":"Escorpionismo","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00103-7","article-title":"In vivo protection against Tityus serrulatus scorpion toxins by immunization of mice with a non-toxic protein","volume":"36","author":"Moreira-Ferreira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(03)00264-9","article-title":"Effect of age on body distribution of tityustoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats","volume":"73","author":"Nunan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2868","article-title":"Crystal structure of neurotoxin Ts1 from Tityus serrulatus provides insights into the specificity and toxicity of scorpion toxins","volume":"290","author":"Polikarpov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(77)90053-4","article-title":"Purification and properties of mammalian toxins from the venom of Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Mello","volume":"180","author":"Possani","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(81)90036-2","article-title":"Detoxification with glutaraldehyde of purified scorpion (Centruroides noxius Hoffmann) venom","volume":"19","author":"Possani","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2290739","article-title":"Scorpion toxins from Centruroides noxius and Tityus serrulatus","volume":"229","author":"Possani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)49971-1","article-title":"Discharge effect on pancreatic exocrine secretion produced by toxins purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom","volume":"266","author":"Possani","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90058-Y","article-title":"Further characterization of toxins T1IV (TsTX-III) and T2IV from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom","volume":"29","author":"Sampaio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(96)00050-5","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the rat","volume":"34","author":"Santana","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00393-8","article-title":"Report of a WHO workshop on the standardization and control of antivenoms","volume":"41","author":"Theakston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(76)90240-6","article-title":"Purification and partial characterization of a second toxin from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"55","author":"Toledo","year":"1976","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010108004650?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010108004650?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T05:59:09Z","timestamp":1631685549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010108004650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0041010108004650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}}}