{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:41:27Z","timestamp":1786624887711,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,2]],"date-time":"2012-11-02T17:18:00Z","timestamp":1351876680000},"page":"11-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epidemiology and clinical effects of hump-nosed pit viper (Genus: Hypnale) envenoming in Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Kalana","family":"Maduwage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey K.","family":"Isbister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Bowatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Mendis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indika","family":"Gawarammana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.03.023","article-title":"Frequent and potentially fatal envenoming by hump-nosed pit vipers (Hypnale hypnale and H. nepa) in Sri Lanka: lack of effective antivenom","volume":"102","author":"Ariaratnam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib2","series-title":"Lee's Synopsis of Anesthesia","author":"Atkinson","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib3","series-title":"An Account of the Interior of Ceylon and of its Inhabitants with Travels in that Island","author":"Davy","year":"1821"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib4","first-page":"8","article-title":"Hypnale nepa bite: first record","volume":"11","author":"de Silva","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Kandy Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib5","first-page":"144","article-title":"Epidemiology of snake-bite in Sri Lanka: a review","volume":"28","author":"De Silva","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ceylon Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90301-8","article-title":"Haemostatic dysfunction and acute renal failure following envenoming by Merrem's hump nosed viper (Hypnale hypnale) in Sri Lanka: first authenticated case","volume":"88","author":"de Silva","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"1037","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-130225","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in snake envenomed patients with acute kidney injury in Sri Lanka: a descriptive study","volume":"88","author":"Herath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.03.008","article-title":"First authenticated cases of life-threatening envenoming by the hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) in India","volume":"101","author":"Joseph","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib9","first-page":"733","article-title":"Estimates of disease burden due to land\u2013snake bite in Sri Lankan hospitals","volume":"36","author":"Kasturiratne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218","article-title":"The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths","volume":"5","author":"Kasturiratne","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib11","first-page":"169","article-title":"Severe systemic effects of Merrem's hump-nosed viper bite","volume":"44","author":"Kularatne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ceylon Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2232.1.1","article-title":"A taxonomic revision of the South Asian pit viper genus Hypnale (Fitzinger)","volume":"2232","author":"Maduwage","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.09.014","article-title":"Coagulopathy, acute kidney injury and death following Hypnale zara envenoming \u2013 the first case report from Sri Lanka","volume":"58","author":"Maduwage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib14","first-page":"17","article-title":"The in\u00a0vitro toxicity of venoms from South Asian Hump-nosed pit vipers (Viperidae: Hypnale)","volume":"2","author":"Maduwage","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Venom Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90388-3","article-title":"Reliability of the simple 20 minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) as an indicator of low plasma fibrinogen concentration in patients envenomed by Bothrops snakes","volume":"32","author":"Sano-Martins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.823","article-title":"Envenomation by the hump-nosed viper (Hypnale hypnale)","volume":"51","author":"Sellahewa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v45i2.8003","article-title":"Use of antivenom serum in snake bite: a prospective study of hospital practice in the Gampaha district","volume":"45","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ceylon Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib18","first-page":"33","article-title":"Poisoning by bites of the saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis carinatus) in Nigeria","volume":"46","author":"Warrell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60217-9","article-title":"Hump nosed viper bite in Sri Lanka-descriptive observational study of 1543 cases","volume":"2010","author":"Wijewantha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010112007775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010112007775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T08:59:38Z","timestamp":1594803578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010112007775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S0041010112007775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}