{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:07:51Z","timestamp":1777525671150,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":289,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T18:46:36Z","timestamp":1370025996000},"page":"49-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bothropic antivenom based on monoclonal antibodies, is it possible?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Thiago S.","family":"Frauches","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge H.","family":"Petretski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea C.V.","family":"Arnholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena B.","family":"Lasunskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eul\u00f3gio C.Q.","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thereza L.","family":"Kipnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilmar D.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton M.","family":"Kanashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.21.579","article-title":"Development of snake anti-venom antibodies in chickens and their purification from yolk","author":"Almeida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706786","article-title":"Counteracting effect of glycyrrhizin on the hemostatic abnormalities induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom","volume":"148","author":"Assafim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/09629359890866","article-title":"Local inflammation, lethality and cytokines release in mice injected with Bothrops atrox venom","volume":"7","author":"Barros","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mediators. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3109\/15569548809059729","article-title":"Hemorrhagic toxins from snake venoms","volume":"7","author":"Bjarnason","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicol. Toxin Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.698","article-title":"Histologic and functional renal alterations caused by Bothrops moojeni snake venom in rats","volume":"61","author":"Boer-Lima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib6","first-page":"181","article-title":"Gel perfect: Geles unidimensionales, um nuevo m\u00e9todo densitom\u00e9trico para computadores personales","volume":"24","author":"Bozzo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archivos de Biologia e Medicina Experimentales"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.001","article-title":"Characterization of the acute pancreatitis induced by secretory phospholipases A2 in rats","volume":"46","author":"Camargo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib8","first-page":"315","article-title":"Randomized comparative trial of three antivenoms in the treatment of envenoming by lance-headed vipers (Bothrops jararaca) in Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"56","author":"Cardoso","year":"1993","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib9","first-page":"529","article-title":"Production and use of snake antivenom","volume":"vol. 5","author":"Chippaux","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib10","first-page":"286","article-title":"La serotherapie antivenim e use: ses applications, ses limites, son avenir","volume":"84","author":"Chippaux","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.03.010","article-title":"Evaluation of three Brazilian antivenom ability to antagonize myonecrosis and hemorrhage induced by Bothrops snake venoms in a mouse model","volume":"50","author":"da Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00128-6","article-title":"Chemical modification of histidine and lysine residues of myotoxic phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops asper and Bothrops godmani snake venoms: effects on enzymatic and pharmacological properties","volume":"35","author":"Diaz-Oreiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib13","series-title":"Manual de diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento de acidentes por animais pe\u00e7onhentos","first-page":"1","author":"FUNASA","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04084.x","article-title":"On behalf of the animal models subcommittee of the scientific and standardization committee of the ISTH. Towards a standardization of the murine tail bleeding model","volume":"8","author":"Greene","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.11.005","article-title":"Skeletal muscle degeneration induced by venom phospholipases A2: insights into the mechanisms of local and systemic myotoxicity","volume":"42","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.01.039","article-title":"Experimental pathophysiology of systemic alterations induced by Bothrops asper snake venom","volume":"54","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.06.019","article-title":"Research strategies to improve snakebite treatment: challenges and progress","volume":"74","author":"Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib18","series-title":"Censo demogr\u00e1fico 2004","author":"IBGE \u2013 Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(89)90146-3","article-title":"Haemostatic changes caused by the venoms of South American snakes","volume":"27","author":"Kamiguti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648475","article-title":"The role of venom haemorrhagin in spontaneous bleeding in Bothrops jararaca envenoming. Butantan Institute Antivenom Study Group","volume":"67","author":"Kamiguti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(02)01288-1","article-title":"Biochemical and biological properties of phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops atrox snake venom","volume":"64","author":"Kanashiro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(89)90013-5","article-title":"A model to explain the pharmacological effects of snake venoms phospholipases A2","volume":"37","author":"Kini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)89822-2","article-title":"A new class of phospholipase A2 with Lys49 in place of aspartate 49","volume":"259","author":"Maragananore","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/90.5.323","article-title":"Snake bites by the jararacu\u00e7u (Bothrops jararacussu): clinicopathological studies of 29 proven cases in S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil","volume":"90","author":"Milani J\u00fanior","year":"1997","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1655620","article-title":"A study of the coagulant action of eight snake venoms","volume":"12","author":"Nahas","year":"1964","journal-title":"Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.01.006","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the Amazonian viper Bothrops atrox venom gland using expressed sequence tags (ESTs)","volume":"53","author":"Neiva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2009.07.013","article-title":"Snake venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops atrox venoms from Colombia and the Amazon regions of Brazil, Per\u00fa and Ecuador suggest the occurrence of geographic variation of venom phenotype by a trend towards paedomorphism","volume":"73","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib29","first-page":"481","article-title":"Hemorrhagic, necrotizing and edema-inducing effects of snake venoms","volume":"vol. 52","author":"Ohsaka","year":"1979"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.183","article-title":"A randomized, blinded, comparative trial of one pepsin-digest and two whole IgG antivenoms for Bothrops snake bites in Uraba, Colombia","volume":"58","author":"Otero-Pati\u00f1o","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2000001100005","article-title":"Two related thrombin-like enzymes present in Bothrops atrox venom","volume":"33","author":"Petretski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1142","article-title":"Engineered antibody fragments and the rise of single domains","volume":"23","author":"Philipp Holliger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.10.002","article-title":"Interspecific variation in venom composition and toxicity of Brazilian snakes from Bothrops genus","volume":"52","author":"Queiroz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib34","first-page":"345","article-title":"Symptomatology, pathology, and treatment of snake bites in South America","volume":"vol. II","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1971"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib35","first-page":"296","article-title":"Isolation of immunoglobulins gamma 1 and gamma 2 from goat, sheep and cattle plasmas","volume":"164","author":"Steinbuch","year":"1970","journal-title":"C. R. Seances. Soc. Biol. Fil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.10.010","article-title":"Snake venom metalloproteinases: structure\/function relationships studies using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"42","author":"Tanjoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350","article-title":"Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications","volume":"76","author":"Towbin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010113001864?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010113001864?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T14:31:26Z","timestamp":1645626686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010113001864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0041010113001864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bothropic antivenom based on monoclonal antibodies, is it possible?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}