{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T23:14:56Z","timestamp":1778022896166,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FONACIT PEI","award":["2012000999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012000999"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T07:47:49Z","timestamp":1393314469000},"page":"61-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Macrophage alteration induced by inflammatory toxins isolated from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom. The role of Na+\/Ca2+ exchangers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Bello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Sevcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Peigneur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Tytgat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"D'Suze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.03.006","article-title":"Pathophysiological effects of Androctonus australis hector scorpion venom: tissue damages and inflammatory response","volume":"60","author":"Adi-Bessalem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abramoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophot. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2003.tb00121.x","article-title":"Pharmacology of KB-R7943: a Na+\u2013Ca2+ exchange inhibitor","volume":"21","author":"Amran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drug Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.4.5","article-title":"Pharmacology of brain Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger: from molecular biology to therapeutic perspectives","volume":"56","author":"Annunziato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500525","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of Tityus discrepans scorpion venom and amino acid sequence of novel toxins","volume":"6","author":"Batista","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1155","article-title":"Ca2+ signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling","volume":"4","author":"Berridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/312315a0","article-title":"Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction","volume":"312","author":"Berridge","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.3.763","article-title":"Sodium\/calcium exchange: its physiological implications","volume":"79","author":"Blaustein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-8-199610150-00009","article-title":"Immunologic dissonance: a continuing evolution in our understanding of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)","volume":"125","author":"Bone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I226","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.000570","article-title":"Cardioprotection via activation of protein kinase C-delta depends on modulation of the reverse mode of the Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger","volume":"114","author":"Bouwman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.11.039","article-title":"STIM2 is a feedback regulator that stabilizes basal cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ levels","volume":"131","author":"Brandman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2010.544343","article-title":"Tityus discrepans scorpion venom activates platelets through GPVI and a novel Src-dependent signaling pathway","volume":"22","author":"Braz\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-008-0377-8","article-title":"Discreplasminin, a plasmin inhibitor isolated from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"83","author":"Braz\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib14","first-page":"49","article-title":"Efecto del veneno del escorpi\u00f3n Tityus discrepans en la prueba global de coagulaci\u00f3n. Estudios preliminares","volume":"49","author":"Braz\u00f3n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01054.x","article-title":"KB-R7943, an inhibitor of the reverse Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger, blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and inhibits mitochondrial complex I","volume":"162","author":"Brustovetsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7822","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7822","article-title":"Expression of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.5 in the macrophage late endosome regulates endosomal acidification","volume":"178","author":"Carrithers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.09.022","article-title":"Voltage-gated ion channels and gating modifier toxins","volume":"49","author":"Catterall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.11.028","article-title":"Calcium signaling","volume":"131","author":"Clapham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01869968","article-title":"Changes in Axon fluorescence during activity: molecular probes of membrane potential","volume":"19","author":"Cohen","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.121.5.835","article-title":"The in\u00a0vitro differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. II. The influence of serum on granule formation, hydrolase production, and pinocytosis","volume":"121","author":"Cohn","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3550139","article-title":"Control of Ca2+ influx in human neutrophils by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) binding: differential effects of micro-injected IP3 receptor antagonists","volume":"355","author":"Davies-Cox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.06.014","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of six novel peptides from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom. A fluorescent probe study of microbial membrane Na+ permeability changes","volume":"54","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib23","first-page":"117","article-title":"Multiple organ failure: pathophysiology and potential future therapy","volume":"216","author":"Dietch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00156-5","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography purification and amino acid sequence of toxins from the muscarinic fraction of Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"34","author":"D'Suze","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00180-9","article-title":"Tityus discrepans venom produces a respiratory distress syndrome in rabbits trough and indirect mechanism","volume":"37","author":"D'Suze","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00331-8","article-title":"Relationship between plasmatic levels of various cytokines, tumour necrosis factor, enzymes, glucose and venom concentration following Tityus scorpion sting","volume":"41","author":"D'Suze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.08.021","article-title":"Histopathological changes and inflammatory response induced by Tityus discrepans scorpion venom in rams","volume":"44","author":"D'Suze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.12.004","article-title":"Ardiscretin a novel arthropod-selective toxin from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"43","author":"D'Suze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.015","article-title":"Effect of leukocyte inhibitors benzydamine and cyclophosphamide on lung injury caused by Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"50","author":"D'Suze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2009.05.005","article-title":"Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of genes from a cDNA library of the scorpion Tityus discrepans","volume":"91","author":"D'Suze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib31","series-title":"Emergencias por animales ponzo\u00f1osos en las Am\u00e9ricas","first-page":"31","article-title":"Fisiopatolog\u00eda inducida por el veneno de alacranes del g\u00e9nero Tityus de Venezuela","author":"D'Suze","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90322-4","article-title":"A highly sensitive cell line, WEHI 164 clone 13, for measuring cytotoxic factor\/tumor necrosis factor from human monocytes","volume":"95","author":"Espevik","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.08.006","article-title":"Immune cells recruitment and activation by Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom","volume":"58","author":"Fialho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2012.10.009","article-title":"Bactridine's effects on DUM cricket neurons under voltage clamp conditions","volume":"58","author":"Forsyth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010054022024","article-title":"Macrophages in inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00208-8","article-title":"Increased plasma levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in patients moderately or severely envenomed by Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting","volume":"41","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830221006","article-title":"The microbicidal activity of interferon-gamma-treated macrophages against Trypanosoma cruzi involves an L-arginine-dependent nitrogen oxide-mediated mechanism inhabitable by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"10","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1054\/ceca.1999.0095","article-title":"Chemical and physiological characterization of fluo-4 Ca2+-indicator dyes","volume":"27","author":"Gee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib39","first-page":"14","article-title":"Diabetes inducida por emponzo\u00f1amiento escorpi\u00f3nico grave en un lactante de un a\u00f1o","volume":"16","author":"Ghersy de Nieto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicrit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib40","first-page":"150","article-title":"Emponzo\u00f1amiento escorpi\u00f3nico: concentraci\u00f3n de veneno en plasma y su efecto desencadenante de la respuesta inflamatoria sist\u00e9mica","volume":"65","author":"Ghersy de Nieto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Venez. Pueric. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib41","series-title":"Emergencias por animales ponzo\u00f1osos en las Am\u00e9ricas","first-page":"529","article-title":"Escorpiones, caracter\u00edsticas, distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica y comentarios generales","author":"Gonzalez-Sponga","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(88)90047-7","article-title":"Mononuclear phagocytes: tissue distribution and functional heterogeneity","volume":"1","author":"Gordon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2005.06.032","article-title":"Exporting calcium from cells","volume":"38","author":"Guerini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib45","first-page":"131","article-title":"Escorpionismo del g\u00e9nero Tityus en la sierra falconiana y su correlaci\u00f3n con la liberaci\u00f3n de mediadores inflamatorios y enzimas card\u00edacas","volume":"112","author":"Guinand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gac. M\u00e9d. Caracas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.09.035","article-title":"Calcium signalling: fishing out molecules of mitochondrial calcium transport","volume":"20","author":"Hajn\u00f3czky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib47","first-page":"349","article-title":"Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms interferes with morphological, functional, and biochemical changes in murine macrophage","volume":"14","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib48","series-title":"Nonparametric Statistical Methods","author":"Hollander","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13065","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3467-07.2007","article-title":"Bradykinin-induced microglial migration mediated by B1-bradykinin receptors depends on Ca2+ influx via reverse-mode activity of the Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger","volume":"27","author":"Ifuku","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FMJ04002X6","article-title":"Forefront of Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger studies: molecular pharmacology of Na+\/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors","volume":"96","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000021367.42752.54","article-title":"Development and application of Na+\/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors","volume":"259","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22391","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.37.22391","article-title":"A novel isothiourea derivative selectively inhibits the reverse mode of Na+\/Ca2+ exchange in cells expressing NCX1","volume":"271","author":"Iwamoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.1.1","article-title":"Role of cytokines and their inhibitors in acute pancreatitis","volume":"40","author":"Kingsnorth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050784","article-title":"Miniature Ca2+ channels in excised plasma-membrane patches: activation by IP3","volume":"437","author":"Kiselyov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pf\u00fcgers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00251-7","article-title":"Serum levels of cytokines in patients envenomed by Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting","volume":"37","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.3.13.2572500","article-title":"A role for Na+-dependent Ca2+ extrusion in protection against neuronal excitotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Mattson","year":"1989","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016883","article-title":"Permeation and block of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor channels by divalent cations in mouse cultured central neurones","volume":"394","author":"Mayer","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib59","series-title":"Emergencias por animales ponzo\u00f1osos en las Am\u00e9ricas","first-page":"529","article-title":"Epidemiolog\u00eda, cl\u00ednica y terape\u00fatica del accidente escorpi\u00f3nico en Venezuela","author":"Mazzei de Davila","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00145-9","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system activation, antivenin administration and cardiovascular manifestations of scorpion envenomation","volume":"40","author":"Mazzei de Davila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00106-8","article-title":"Serum interleukin-1\u03b2, interleukin-6, nitric oxide and \u03b11 antitrypsin in scorpion envenomed children","volume":"36","author":"Meki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(89)90306-2","article-title":"Assays for tumour necrosis factor and related cytokines","volume":"116","author":"Meager","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uso precoz de antivenina escorpi\u00f3nica en casos graves de emponzo\u00f1amiento escorpi\u00f3nico por Tityus discrepans","volume":"37","author":"Mota","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Hosp. Vargas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.50.5.1413","article-title":"Comparison of tetrodotoxin and procaine in internally perfused squid giant axons","volume":"50","author":"Narahashi","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthesis: roles, tolls and controls","volume":"78","author":"Nathan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(91)90079-G","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity","volume":"3","author":"Nathan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.3.679","article-title":"Semiautomated measurement of nitrate in biological fluids","volume":"44","author":"Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lvez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3569","article-title":"Oxidant stress incites spreading of macrophages via extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"161","author":"Ogura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.11.3578","article-title":"IL-10 synerziges with IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta to inhibit macrophage cytotoxic activity","volume":"148","author":"Oswald","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.12.018","article-title":"Scorpion envenoming in two regions of Colombia: clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects","volume":"98","author":"Otero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20745","article-title":"SERCA pump isoforms: their role in calcium transport and disease","volume":"35","author":"Periasamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001","article-title":"Toxin gamma from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom plays an essential role in immunomodulation of macrophages","volume":"50","author":"Petricevich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54273","DOI":"10.1155\/MI\/2006\/54273","article-title":"Balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice treated with Centruroides noxius scorpion venom","volume":"2006","author":"Petricevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03754.x","article-title":"Macrophage activation, phagocytosis and intracellular calcium oscillations induced by scorpion toxins from Tityus serrulatus","volume":"154","author":"Petricevich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1155\/MI.2005.39","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of the Tityus serrulatus venom on murine macrophage functions in\u00a0vitro","volume":"1","author":"Petricevich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010043343642","article-title":"Cytokine and nitric oxide production following severe envenomation","volume":"3","author":"Petricevich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/09629350210308","article-title":"Effect of Tityus serrulatus venom on cytokine production and the activity of murine macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Petricevich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04708.x","article-title":"The Na+\/Ca2+ exchange molecule: an overview","volume":"976","author":"Philipson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08808.x","article-title":"Subtype specificity interaction of bactridines with mammalian, insect and bacterial sodium channels under voltage clamp conditions","volume":"279","author":"Peigneur","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib80","first-page":"41","article-title":"Escorpionismo por Tityus discrepans","volume":"57","author":"Porras","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Venez. Pueric. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-4505(91)90018-G","article-title":"Influence of heparins on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium mobilization in permeabilized human platelets","volume":"45","author":"Rao","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib82","series-title":"ImageJ","author":"Rasband","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib83","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability\/cytotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Repetto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19421","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308864200","article-title":"Mechanism of collagen activation in human platelets","volume":"279","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.07.015","article-title":"Horse IgGand ostrich IgY-F(ab')2 groups have different affinities for mice erythrocytes and lymphocytes. implications for avian immunoglobulin therapeutic usefulness","volume":"60","author":"Sevcik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.10.022","article-title":"High resolution fluorescence microscopy evidence on the transport of immunoglobulins. Differences between mammalian IgG, F(ab')2 and avian IgY","volume":"63","author":"Sevcik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838792","article-title":"Expression and function of Na+\/Ca2+ exchangers 1 and 3 in human macrophages and monocytes","volume":"39","author":"Staiano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1387.023","article-title":"Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases as dynamic regulators of cellular calcium handling","volume":"1099","author":"Strehler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.60.1.8","article-title":"Endotoxin signal transduction in macrophages","volume":"60","author":"Sweet","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.4083","article-title":"Histamine induces exocytosis and IL-6 production from human lung macrophages through interaction with H1 receptors","volume":"166","author":"Triggiani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00387a046","article-title":"Mechanism and kinetics of merocyanine 540 binding to phospholipid membranes","volume":"26","author":"Verkman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021540","article-title":"Role of calcium in tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by activated macrophages","volume":"120","author":"Watanabe","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15708.x","article-title":"A novel antagonist, No.7943, of the Na+\/Ca2+ exchange current in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular cells","volume":"119","author":"Watano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.04.017","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus venom and toxins Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6 induce macrophage activation and production of immune mediators","volume":"57","author":"Zoccal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010114000555?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010114000555?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T18:54:57Z","timestamp":1689015297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010114000555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S0041010114000555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Macrophage alteration induced by inflammatory toxins isolated from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom. The role of Na+\/Ca2+ exchangers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}