{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:31:18Z","timestamp":1780511478077,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T05:46:04Z","timestamp":1401774364000},"page":"38-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Protein C activity in dogs envenomed by Vipera palaestinae"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Gil","family":"Hadar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrat","family":"Kelmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilad","family":"Segev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaron","family":"Bruchim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itamar","family":"Aroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.01.001","article-title":"Identification of alpha2beta1 integrin inhibitor VP-i with anti-platelet properties in the venom of Vipera palaestinae","volume":"64","author":"Arlinghaus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.19.532","article-title":"Retrospective study of the epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in 109 dogs poisoned by Vipera xanthina palestinae","volume":"144","author":"Aroch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib3","first-page":"268","article-title":"Fatal Vipera xanthina palestinae envenomation in 16 dogs","volume":"46","author":"Aroch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Hum. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.05.024","article-title":"Haemostatic abnormalities and clinical findings in Vipera palaestinae-envenomed dogs","volume":"185","author":"Aroch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib5","first-page":"429","article-title":"On the mechanism of Vipera palestinae venom- induced shock","volume":"7","author":"Bicher","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bibliot. Anatom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib6","first-page":"349","article-title":"Neurotoxic activity of Vipera palestinae venom. Depression of central autonomic vasoregulatory mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Bicher","year":"1966","journal-title":"Med. Pharmacol. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.229.6.1675","article-title":"Accumulation of some secretory enzymes in venom glands of Vipera palaestinae","volume":"229","author":"Brown","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15739","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.323063","article-title":"A novel heparin-dependent inhibitor of activated protein C that potentiates consumptive coagulopathy in Russell's viper envenomation","volume":"287","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(92)90216-K","article-title":"Venomous snakes of southwest Asia","volume":"10","author":"Coppola","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-201616","article-title":"The protein C pathway in tissue inflammation and injury: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications","volume":"115","author":"Danese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2003)017<0674:HCIDWN>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Hemostatic changes in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis","volume":"17","author":"de Laforcade","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.0021.x","article-title":"Serial evaluation of protein C and antithrombin in dogs with sepsis","volume":"22","author":"de Laforcade","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(69)90159-7","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and treatment of viper bite in Israel","volume":"7","author":"Efrati","year":"1969","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1953.2.1085","article-title":"Clinical and pathological observations of sixty-five cases of viper bite in Israel","volume":"2","author":"Efrati","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.3_suppl.26S","article-title":"The protein C pathway","volume":"124","author":"Esmon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.4.534","article-title":"Deficiency of natural anticoagulant proteins C, S, and antithrombin in portal vein thrombosis: a secondary phenomenon?","volume":"46","author":"Fisher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.3.816","article-title":"Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies","volume":"101","author":"Fourrier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib18","first-page":"266","article-title":"Protein C activators from snake venoms and their diagnostic use","volume":"31","author":"Gempeler-Messina","year":"2001","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.8.3664","article-title":"Selective inhibitory effects of the anticoagulant activated protein C on the responses of human mononuclear phagocytes to LPS, IFN-gamma, or phorbol ester","volume":"153","author":"Grey","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651385","article-title":"Effect of purified Vipera palestinae hemorrhagin on blood coagulation and platelet function","volume":"22","author":"Grotto","year":"1969","journal-title":"Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(67)90075-X","article-title":"Isolation of Vipera palestinae hemorrhagin and distinction between its hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities","volume":"133","author":"Grotto","year":"1967","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(93)90347-L","article-title":"Myocarditis following envenoming with Vipera palaestinae in two horses","volume":"31","author":"Hoffman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-960X(93)90004-N","article-title":"Action of snake venom components on the haemostatic system","volume":"7","author":"Hutton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00363a001","article-title":"Purification of a protein C activator from the venom of the southern copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix)","volume":"25","author":"Klein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1960.9.381","article-title":"A quantitative study of venom secretion by Vipera palaestinae","volume":"9","author":"Kochva","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib26","first-page":"209","article-title":"Venomous snakes of Israel: ecology and snakebite","volume":"26","author":"Kochva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Public Health Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.5858\/2002-126-1337-LIIDAO","article-title":"Laboratory issues in diagnosing abnormalities of protein C, thrombomodulin, and endothelial cell protein C receptor","volume":"126","author":"Kottke-Marchant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1515","article-title":"Protein and cDNA structures of an acidic phospholipase A2, the enzymatic part of an unusual, two-component toxin from Vipera palaestinae","volume":"227","author":"Krizaj","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2012.07.003","article-title":"Endogenous anticoagulants","volume":"27","author":"Kubier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. M."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900958","article-title":"Molecular characterization and chromosomal assignment of the canine protein C gene","volume":"10","author":"Leeb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib31","first-page":"81","article-title":"Acute myocardial necrosis associated with Vipera Xanthina Palestinae in a dog","volume":"54","author":"Leisner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Isr. J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00126-3","article-title":"Snake venoms and the hemostatic system","volume":"36","author":"Markland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00268-X","article-title":"Snake venom proteases affecting hemostasis and thrombosis","volume":"1477","author":"Matsui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib34","first-page":"387","article-title":"The action of hemorrhagin and phospholipase derived from Vipera palestinae venom on the microcirculation","volume":"22","author":"McKay","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449109089878","article-title":"Effects of snake venoms on hemostasis","volume":"21","author":"Meier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib36","first-page":"577","article-title":"On the biology of the venomous snakes of Israel","volume":"21","author":"Mendelssohn","year":"1962","journal-title":"Dapim Refuiim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(86)90154-6","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a proteolytic factor from the venom of Vipera palaestinae","volume":"24","author":"Nakar","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(78)90145-9","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of three hemorrhagic factors from the venom of Vipera palaestinae","volume":"16","author":"Ovadia","year":"1978","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(78)90194-0","article-title":"Purification and characterization of an antihemorrhagic factor from the serum of the snake Vipera palaestinae","volume":"16","author":"Ovadia","year":"1978","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719701601110","article-title":"Vipera palaestinae snake envenomations: experience in children","volume":"16","author":"Paret","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Exper. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/003130201201118098","article-title":"Prothrombin activation in eastern tiger snake bite","volume":"34","author":"Parkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.157438","article-title":"Wnt5A\/CaMKII signaling contributes to the inflammatory response of macrophages and is a target for the antiinflammatory action of activated protein C and interleukin-10","volume":"28","author":"Pereira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648137","article-title":"Fibrinolysis and coagulation in patients with infectious disease and sepsis","volume":"65","author":"Philippe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.03.001","article-title":"Vipera palaestinae envenomation in 327 dogs: a retrospective cohort study and analysis of risk factors for mortality","volume":"43","author":"Segev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib45","first-page":"691","article-title":"L-amino acid oxidase from Vipera palaestinae venom: purification and assay","volume":"46","author":"Shaham","year":"1973","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)36884-X","article-title":"Phospholipase B activity of a purified phospholipase A from Vipera palestinae venom","volume":"14","author":"Shiloah","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(80)90003-3","article-title":"The two-component toxin of Vipera palaestinae: contribution of phospholipase A to its activity","volume":"18","author":"Simon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.4.2115","article-title":"Modulation of monocyte function by activated protein C, a natural anticoagulant","volume":"177","author":"Stephenson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90253-4","article-title":"Characterization of the protein C activator Protac from the venom of the southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) snake","volume":"25","author":"Stocker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib50","series-title":"Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology","first-page":"31","article-title":"Basic hematologic assays","author":"Stockham","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1661627","article-title":"Studies on production of antithrombin III with special reference to endotoxin-induced DIC in dogs","volume":"56","author":"Tanaka","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02989.x","article-title":"Hemostatic biomarkers in dogs with chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Tarnow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1988.tb02408.x","article-title":"Haemostatic disturbances in patients bitten by Russell's viper (Vipera russelli siamensis) in Burma","volume":"69","author":"Than","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.2165","article-title":"Activated protein C up-regulates IL-10 and inhibits tissue factor in blood monocytes","volume":"181","author":"Toltl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.11.1761","article-title":"Evaluation of plasma protein C activity for detection of hepatobiliary disease and portosystemic shunting in dogs","volume":"229","author":"Toulza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000134298.25489.92","article-title":"Thrombomodulin-protein C-EPCR system: integrated to regulate coagulation and inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Van de Wouwer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10377","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): diagnostic criteria of the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare for overt DIC","volume":"74","author":"Wada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.452","article-title":"Prolonged hypofibrinogenemia and protein C activation after envenoming by Echis carinatus sochureki","volume":"44","author":"Weis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.02.030","article-title":"Snake venoms and coagulopathy","volume":"45","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010114001445?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010114001445?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T22:14:19Z","timestamp":1689286459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010114001445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0041010114001445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protein C activity in dogs envenomed by Vipera palaestinae","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}