{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:09:30Z","timestamp":1785751770245,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,22]],"date-time":"2015-11-22T06:31:50Z","timestamp":1448173910000},"page":"19-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Differential action of medically important Indian BIG FOUR snake venoms on rodent blood coagulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Vilas","family":"Hiremath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.N.","family":"Nanjaraj Urs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.N.","family":"Suvilesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.N.","family":"Savitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathap","family":"Urs. Amog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.V.","family":"Rudresha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yariswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.S.","family":"Vishwanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2010.023","article-title":"Quality in coagulation and haemostasis testing","volume":"20","author":"Bonar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Proteolytic activity of Elapid and Viperid Snake venoms and its implication to digestion","volume":"1","author":"Bottrall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Venom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.134145","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in patients of poisonous snake bite: experience from a tertiary care hospital in Central India","volume":"4","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Crit. Illn. Inj. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1657347","article-title":"Anticoagulant activity and plasma phosphatidylserine hydrolysis by snake venom phospholipases A2","volume":"49","author":"Condrea","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-93-22647","article-title":"Fibrinolytic and coagulant activities of certain snake venoms and proteases","volume":"93","author":"Didisheim","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.03.026","article-title":"Key events in microvascular damage induced by snake venom hemorrhagic metalloproteinases","volume":"74","author":"Escalante","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03547.x","article-title":"Fibrin degradation products. A review of structures found in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo","volume":"936","author":"Gaffney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297912060119","article-title":"Hemostatic interference of Indian king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Venom. Comparison with three other snake venoms of the subcontinent","volume":"77","author":"Gowtham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. (Mosc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002162","article-title":"The need for full integration of snakebite envenoming within a global strategy to combat the neglected tropical diseases: the way forward","volume":"7","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(80)90338-3","article-title":"Electrophoretic analysis of plasminogen activators in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and copolymerized substrates","volume":"102","author":"Heussen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differential action of Indian BIG FOUR snake venom toxins on blood coagulation","author":"Hiremath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib11","first-page":"391","article-title":"Rethinking the coagulation cascade","volume":"4","author":"Hoffman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20060302","article-title":"Anticoagulant proteins from snake venoms: structure, function and mechanism","volume":"397","author":"Kini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a0l","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04279.x","article-title":"Toxins in thrombosis and haemostasis: potential beyond imagination","volume":"9","author":"Kini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02136407","article-title":"Fibrinolytic proteases in snake venoms","volume":"23","author":"Kornalik","year":"1967","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib15","first-page":"72","article-title":"Blood volume in the rat","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"1985","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.09.30","article-title":"Molecular biomarkers in stroke diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"3","author":"Maas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003220","article-title":"Current treatment for venom-induced consumption coagulopathy resulting from snakebite","volume":"8","author":"Maduwage","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00126-3","article-title":"Snake venoms and the hemostatic system","volume":"36","author":"Markland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.09.008","article-title":"Non-enzymatic proteins from snake venoms: a gold mine of pharmacological tools and drug leads","volume":"62","author":"McCleary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.09.031","article-title":"Snake bites and hemostasis\/thrombosis","volume":"132","author":"McCleary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1163\/1570754043492135","article-title":"Enzyme activities and biological functions of snake venoms","volume":"2","author":"McCue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Herpetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(86)90199-6","article-title":"Approximate LD50 determinations of snake venoms using eight to ten experimental animals","volume":"24","author":"Meier","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086823","article-title":"The pro-coagulant fibrinogenolytic serine protease isoenzymes purified from Daboia russelii russelii venom coagulate the blood through factor V activation: role of glycosylation on enzymatic activity","volume":"9","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360290011762","article-title":"Inhibition of Naja nigricolis venom acidic phospholipase A2 catalysed hydrolysis of ghost red blood cells by columbin","volume":"17","author":"Nok","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.01.006","article-title":"Haemostatically active proteins in snake venoms","volume":"57","author":"Sajevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(03)00137-5","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro procoagulant and anticoagulant properties of Naja naja naja venom","volume":"42","author":"Sundell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.02.027","article-title":"Snake venom fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes","volume":"45","author":"Swenson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib27","first-page":"111","article-title":"Local and systemic toxicity of Echis carinatus venom: neutralization by Cassia auriculata L. leaf methanol extract","volume":"69","author":"Nanjaraj Urs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.11.224","article-title":"Inhibitory potential of three zinc chelating agents against the proteolytic, hemorrhagic, and myotoxic activities of Echis carinatus venom","volume":"93","author":"Nanjaraj Urs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Implications of phytochemicals in snakebite management: present status and future prospective","author":"Urs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.02.030","article-title":"Snake venoms and coagulopathy","volume":"45","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.06.056","article-title":"Topical application of serine proteases from Wrightia tinctoria R. Br.. (Apocyanaceae) latex augments healing of experimentally induced excision wound in mice","volume":"149","author":"Yariswamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014_bib32","first-page":"944","article-title":"Fibrinogenolytic properties of natrahagin (a proteinase from cobra venom) and its effect on human platelet aggregation","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010115301409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010115301409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T20:12:26Z","timestamp":1653595946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010115301409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0041010115301409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Differential action of medically important Indian BIG FOUR snake venoms on rodent blood coagulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.11.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}