{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T14:16:18Z","timestamp":1768745778208,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["86820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T00:17:51Z","timestamp":1495153071000},"page":"50-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vertical transmission of microcystins to Nile crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus ) eggs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5025-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alukhethi","family":"Singo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan G.","family":"Myburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9077-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter N.","family":"Laver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gezina C.H.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertruida M.","family":"R\u00f6semann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christo J.","family":"Botha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.1132","article-title":"The demise of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) as a keystone species for aquatic ecosystem conservation in South Africa: the case of the Olifants River","volume":"20","author":"Ashton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquat. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1071\/MF13153","article-title":"Diversity of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Hartbeespoort dam, South Africa","volume":"65","author":"Ballot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Freshw. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eco-epidemiological and pathological features of wildlife mortality events related to cyanobacterial biointoxication in the Kruger National Park, South Africa","volume":"87","author":"Bengis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib4","series-title":"Handbook on Cyanobacteria","first-page":"191","article-title":"Microcystin detection in contaminated fish from Italian lakes using ELISA immunoassays and LC-MS\/MS analysis","author":"Bruno","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01858.x","article-title":"Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites \u2013 the cyanotoxins","volume":"72","author":"Carmichael","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.02.005","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of microcystin contaminations in various vertebrates (fish, turtle, duck and water bird) from a large eutrophic Chinese lake, Lake Taihu, with toxic Microcystis blooms","volume":"407","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3957\/056.041.0201","article-title":"Evidence of a declining Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) population at lake Sibaya, South Africa","volume":"41","author":"Combrink","year":"2011","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.04.013","article-title":"Testicular toxicity of cyanobacterial biomass in Japanese quails","volume":"10","author":"Damkova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20131","article-title":"Recovery of MC-LR in fish liver tissue","volume":"20","author":"Ernst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1021\/es011182f","article-title":"Congener-independent immunoassay for microcystins and nodularins","volume":"35","author":"Fischer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib11","first-page":"105","article-title":"A\u00a0lack of genetic variation in commercially bred Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in the North-West Province of South Africa","volume":"26","author":"Flint","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.11.010","article-title":"Effects of microcystin-LR on development of medaka fish embryos (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"43","author":"Jacquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04014.x","article-title":"The reproductive cycle of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)","volume":"221","author":"Kofron","year":"1990","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029146","article-title":"Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test","volume":"142","author":"Kruschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.10.025","article-title":"Accumulation of free and covalently bound microcystins in tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) following toxic cyanobacteria or dissolved microcystin-LR exposure","volume":"158","author":"Lance","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0264R.1","article-title":"Pansteatitis of unknown etiology associated with large-scale Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) mortality in Kruger National Park, South Africa: pathological findings","volume":"44","author":"Lane","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Zoo. Wildl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00173-8","article-title":"The toxic effects of microcystin-LR on embryo-larval and juvenile development of loach, Misguruns mizolepis Gunthe","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib18","series-title":"Conservation and Utilization of the Nile Crocodile in South Africa: Handbook on Crocodile Farming","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of international trade in crocodile products","author":"Luxmoore","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1897\/05-029R.1","article-title":"Effects of microcystins on fish","volume":"25","author":"Malbrouck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.10.033","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro assays to assess the toxicity of algal blooms","volume":"42","author":"Masango","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.10.001","article-title":"An overview of cyanobacterial bloom occurrences and research in Africa over the last decade","volume":"60","author":"Ndlela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib22","series-title":"(Act 10 of 2004): Publication of Lists of Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable and Protected Species","author":"NEMBA - National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-7278(199902)14:1<77::AID-TOX11>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Effects of cyanobacterial toxins and aqueous crude extracts of cyanobacteria on the development of fish and amphibians","volume":"14","author":"Oberemm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2008.00004.x","article-title":"Climate change: a catalyst for global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms","volume":"1","author":"Paerl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol. Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib24","series-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Distributed Statistical Computing","first-page":"20","article-title":"Jags: a program for analysis of Bayesian graphical models using Gibbs sampling","author":"Plummer","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib25","series-title":"R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.11.052","article-title":"Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate: between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics","volume":"46","author":"Reichwaldt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.01.010","article-title":"A\u00a0convenient and cost-effective method for monitoring marine algal toxins with passive samplers","volume":"53","author":"Rundberget","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib28","series-title":"Handbook of Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis","first-page":"526","article-title":"Tables\u00a0of microcystins and nodularins","author":"Spoof","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib29","series-title":"R2jags: Using R to Run \u2018JAGS\u2019","author":"Su","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.019","article-title":"Toxicity of harmful cyanobacterial blooms to bream and roach","volume":"71","author":"Trinchet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib31","first-page":"5","article-title":"Crocodile top end stable, more pressure on the middle market","volume":"10","author":"Van As","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. Leather"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017_bib32","series-title":"A\u00a0National Survey of the Incidence of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Toxin Production in Major Impoundments. Internal Report No. N\/0000\/00\/DEQ\/0503","author":"Van Ginkel","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010117301551?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010117301551?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T13:57:43Z","timestamp":1535810263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010117301551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0041010117301551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vertical transmission of microcystins to Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) eggs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.05.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}