{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:40:15Z","timestamp":1790145615207,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532908800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":302,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 1149308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 1149308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS 08-29643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS 08-29643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE 08-52361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE 08-52361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM109499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM109499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000008","name":"David and Lucile Packard Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T06:10:56Z","timestamp":1501135856000},"page":"120-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Dana M.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Bucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee B.","family":"Kats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter T.J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A143","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205179","article-title":"Environmental chemicals: evaluating low-dose effects","volume":"120","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0203-60","article-title":"Explaining frog deformities","volume":"288","author":"Blaustein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib3","first-page":"292","article-title":"Seasonal occurrence of Cosmocercoides dukae and prey analysis in the blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale, in southeastern Wisconsin","volume":"64","author":"Bolek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.-Helminthol. Soc. Wash"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01583-3","article-title":"Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring","volume":"14","author":"Bongers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12752","article-title":"Ants medicate to fight disease","volume":"69","author":"Bos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib6","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Bray","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-005-1345-x","article-title":"Parallel arms races between garter snakes and newts involving tetrodotoxin as the phenotypic interface of coevolution","volume":"31","author":"Brodie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03798.x","article-title":"Costs of exploiting poisonous prey: evolutionary trade-offs in a predator-prey arms race","volume":"53","author":"Brodie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05945.x","article-title":"Tetrodotoxin resistance in garter snakes: an evolutionary response of predators to dangerous prey","volume":"43","author":"Brodie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2307\/1441757","article-title":"Investigations on the skin toxin of the adult rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa","volume":"1968","author":"Brodie","year":"1968","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(80)90139-6","article-title":"The use of Hydrobia jenkinsi to detect intermittent toxic discharges to a river","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"1980","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-007-0725-x","article-title":"Local adaptation of immunity against a trematode parasite in marine amphipod populations","volume":"152","author":"Bryan-Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160468","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.0468","article-title":"Individual fluctuations in toxin levels affect breeding site fidelity in a chemically defended amphibian","volume":"283","author":"Bucciarelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-014-2146-4","article-title":"Effects of newt chemical cues on the distribution and foraging behavior of stream macroinvertebrates","volume":"749","author":"Bucciarelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X13000151","article-title":"Metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (trematoda: digenea) in european newts Triturus carnifex and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae)","volume":"88","author":"Caffara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Helminthol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/08997659.2015.1084068","article-title":"Experimental infections of bluegill with the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae (Digenea: cathaemasiidae): histopathology and hematological response","volume":"27","author":"Calhoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Aquat. Anim. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.09.006","article-title":"Secretion and regeneration of tetrodotoxin in the rough-skin newt (Taricha granulosa)","volume":"44","author":"Cardall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh007","article-title":"Nonmonotonic dose-response relationships: mechanistic basis, kinetic modeling, and implications for risk assessment","volume":"77","author":"Conolly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.2307\/1468285","article-title":"Sensitivity to acidic pH in benthic invertebrate assemblages with different histories of exposure to metals","volume":"19","author":"Courtney","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0North Am. Benthol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008708","article-title":"Effects of heavy metal pollution on swimming and longevity in cercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua (Digenea: heterophyidae)","volume":"123","author":"Cross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2007.01305.x","article-title":"Host plant species affects virulence in monarch butterfly parasites","volume":"77","author":"de Roode","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01604.x","article-title":"Aphids indirectly increase virulence and transmission potential of a monarch butterfly parasite by reducing defensive chemistry of a shared food plant","volume":"14","author":"de Roode","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2307\/3275380","article-title":"Contributions to the life history of the brain fluke of newts and fish, Diplostomulum scheuringi Hughes, 1929 (Trematoda: diplostomatidae)","volume":"47","author":"Etges","year":"1961","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.2307\/2422104","article-title":"Notes on the amphibians and reptiles of crater lake national park","volume":"50","author":"Farner","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am. Midl. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib25","series-title":"Cox Proportional-hazards Regression for Survival Data in R. An Appendix to an R Companion to Applied Regression","author":"Fox","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib26","article-title":"Metacercarial excystment of trematodes","volume":"33","author":"Fried","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1139\/z11-015","article-title":"Survival and growth of the caddisfly Limnephilus flavastellus after predation on toxic eggs of the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa)","volume":"89","author":"Gall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-012-0213-8","article-title":"Predatory caddisfly larvae sequester tetrodotoxin from their prey, eggs of the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa)","volume":"38","author":"Gall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03444","article-title":"Evolutionary diversification of TTX-resistant sodium channels in a predator\u2013prey interaction","volume":"434","author":"Geffeney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02985490","article-title":"Behavioural early warning responses to polluted water","volume":"3","author":"Gerhardt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib31","series-title":"Keys to the Trematoda","author":"Gibson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2307\/3284478","article-title":"Composition and structure of helminth communities of the salamanders, Aneides lugubris, Batrachoseps nigriventris, Ensatina eschscholtzii (Plethodontidae), and Taricha torosa (Salamandridae) from California","volume":"84","author":"Goldberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20193","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020193","article-title":"Disease and the extended phenotype: parasites control host performance and survival through induced changes in body plan","volume":"6","author":"Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1890\/10-0516.1","article-title":"Ecomorphology and disease: cryptic effects of parasitism on host habitat use, thermoregulation, and predator avoidance","volume":"92","author":"Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.05.016","article-title":"Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the natural neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) in a battery of in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo genotoxicity assays","volume":"634","author":"Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3390\/md8030577","article-title":"The chemical and evolutionary ecology of tetrodotoxin (TTX) toxicity in terrestrial vertebrates","volume":"8","author":"Hanifin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib37","author":"Heinze"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.1992.9516504","article-title":"Comparison of the sensitivity to heavy metals and pentachlorophenol of the mayflies Deleatidium spp. and the cladoceran Daphnia magna","volume":"26","author":"Hickey","year":"1992","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-004-0211-x","article-title":"Terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates as bioindicators for environmental monitoring, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems","volume":"35","author":"Hodkinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00229.x","article-title":"Echinostome infection in green frogs (Rana clamitans) is stage and age dependent","volume":"271","author":"Holland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003257","article-title":"Animal self-medication and ethno-medicine: exploration and exploitation of the medicinal properties of plants","volume":"62","author":"Huffman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib42","series-title":"Trematode Parasites as Estuarine Indicators: Opportunities, Applications and Comparisons with Conventional Community Approaches. Estuar. Indic","first-page":"297","author":"Huspeni","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9006","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201790109","article-title":"Parasite diversity and coinfection determine pathogen infection success and host fitness","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States","volume":"72","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib45","series-title":"The Biology of Echinostomes","first-page":"249","article-title":"Effects of environmental change on helminth infections in amphibians: exploring the emergence of Ribeiroia and Echinostoma infections in North America","author":"Johnson","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16916","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310557110","article-title":"Host and parasite diversity jointly control disease risk in complex communities","volume":"110","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(04)57003-3","article-title":"Review of the trematode genus Ribeiroia (Psilostomidae): ecology, life history and pathogenesis with special emphasis on the amphibian malformation problem","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1890\/08-0633.1","article-title":"Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib49","series-title":"Parasite Infection and Limb Malformations: a Growing Problem in Amphibian Conservation. Amphib. Declines Conserv. Status U. S. Species","first-page":"124","author":"Johnson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01730.x","article-title":"Living fast and dying of infection: host life history drives interspecific variation in infection and disease risk","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib51","series-title":"Keys to the Trematoda","author":"Jones","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-007-0937-2","article-title":"Larval amphibian growth and development under varying density: are parasitized individuals poor competitors?","volume":"155","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-012-0785-3","article-title":"Macroparasite infections of amphibians: what can they tell us?","volume":"9","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2012","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2814.1","article-title":"Effects of the herbicide atrazine's metabolites on host snail mortality and production of trematode cercariae","volume":"97","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1654\/4075","article-title":"The nematode genus Rhabdias (Nematoda: rhabdiasidae) from amphibians and reptiles of the nearctic","volume":"70","author":"Kuzmin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3274306","article-title":"Some helminths of west coast urodeles","volume":"40","author":"Lehmann","year":"1954","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.067","volume":"26","author":"Lorentz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrodotoxin. Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.2307\/3274958","article-title":"On the life cycle of Megalodiscus microphagus ingles (trematoda: paramphistomatidae)","volume":"46","author":"Macy","year":"1960","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.01.015","article-title":"Parasites of the superorganism: are they indicators of ecosystem health?","volume":"35","author":"Marcogliese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-016-0211-3","article-title":"The praying mantis (Mantodea) as predator of the poisonous red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: urodela: Salamandridae)","volume":"26","author":"Mebs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-007-9223-x","article-title":"Eutrophication: are mayflies (Ephemeroptera) good bioindicators for ponds?","volume":"597","author":"Menetrey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2004248","article-title":"Metacercariae of Clinostomum attenuatum in Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium, Bufo cognatus and Spea multiplicata from west Texas","volume":"78","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Helminthol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(86)90027-9","article-title":"Occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the flatworm Planocera multitentaculata","volume":"24","author":"Miyazawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007083","article-title":"Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"122","author":"Morley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3354\/dao054055","article-title":"Toxicity of anti-fouling biocides to Parorchis acanthus (Digenea: philophthalmidae) cercarial encystment","volume":"54","author":"Morley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1126\/science.144.3622.1100","article-title":"Tarichatoxin-tetrodotoxin: a potent neurotoxin","volume":"144","author":"Mosher","year":"1964","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(84)90022-9","article-title":"Occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the gastropod mollusk Tutufa lissostoma (frog shell)","volume":"22","author":"Noguchi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1897\/07-199.1","article-title":"Response of a New Zealand mayfly (Deleatidium spp.) to acid mine drainage: implications for mine remediation","volume":"27","author":"O'Halloran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2307\/3272555","article-title":"The life history of Plagitura salamandra Holl, 1928 (trematoda: plagiorchiidae)","volume":"32","author":"Owen","year":"1946","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib70","series-title":"Helminth Parasite Infracommunities and Dietary Analysis of the Rough-skinned Newt, Taricha granulosa from South-eastern Vancouver Island","author":"Parkinson","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12018","article-title":"Temperature-driven shifts in a host-parasite interaction drive nonlinear changes in disease risk","volume":"18","author":"Paull","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3354\/meps318213","article-title":"Metabolism and development of pelagic larvae of Antarctic gastropods with mixed reproductive strategies","volume":"318","author":"Peck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-321R","article-title":"Effects of copper sulfate toxicity on cercariae and metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni and Echinostoma trivolvis and on the survival of Biomphalaria glabrata snails","volume":"90","author":"Reddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib74","first-page":"155","article-title":"A\u00a0new Kathlaniidae (Cosmocercoidea; Nematoda), Megalobatrachonema (Chabaudgolvania) moraveci sp. n. from the intestine of the rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa","volume":"55","author":"Richardson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506093103","article-title":"Ecological functions of tetrodotoxin in a deadly polyclad flatworm","volume":"103","author":"Ritson-Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1429.1","article-title":"Understanding the net effects of pesticides on amphibian trematode infections","volume":"18","author":"Rohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib77","series-title":"Handbook of Trematodes of North America North of Mexico","author":"Schell","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib78","series-title":"How to Know the Trematodes","author":"Schell","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0475:ROTSTL]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Relationship of tadpole stage to location of echinostome cercariae encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival","volume":"89","author":"Schotthoefer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib80","series-title":"Parasites as Biological Indicators of Sewage Sludge Disposal","author":"Siddall","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004796","article-title":"Self-medication as adaptive plasticity: increased ingestion of plant toxins by parasitized caterpillars","volume":"4","author":"Singer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib82","series-title":"Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections Set","author":"Singh","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib83","series-title":"The Herpetology of Benton County, Oregon","author":"Storm","year":"1948"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000085073","article-title":"Optimal habitat selection by helminths within the host environment","volume":"109","author":"Sukhdeo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib85","series-title":"Development Core","author":"Team R","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib86","author":"Therneau"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctm.2016.07.006","article-title":"Chapter four-convergent evolution of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in predators and prey","volume":"78","author":"Toledo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Membr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib88","first-page":"79","article-title":"Toxicity and toxin profiles of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster from western Japan","volume":"10","author":"Tsuruda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nat. Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.13-020.Vandenberg","article-title":"Non-monotonic dose responses in studies of endocrine disrupting chemicals: bisphenol a as a case study","volume":"12","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dose-Response"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1139\/z87-254","article-title":"The relationship between nematodes of the genus Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 (Nematoda: cosmocercoidea) in toads (Bufo americanus) and slugs (Deroceras laeve)","volume":"65","author":"Vanderburgh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(66)90021-3","article-title":"The occurrence of tetrodotoxin (tarichatoxin) in Amphibia and the distribution of the toxin in the organs of newts (Taricha)","volume":"3","author":"Wakely","year":"1966","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1655\/0018-0831(2003)059[0155:CODTAP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Coevolution of deadly toxins and predator resistance: self-assessment of resistance by garter snakes leads to behavioral rejection of toxic newt prey","volume":"59","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1127\/1863-9135\/2010\/0176-0377","article-title":"Is the hyporheic zone a refugium for aquatic macroinvertebrates during severe low flow conditions?","volume":"176","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Limnol. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(90)90419-8","article-title":"Distribution of tetrodotoxin, 6-epitetrodotoxin, and 11-deoxytetrodotoxin in newts","volume":"28","author":"Yotsu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010117302325?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010117302325?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:10:09Z","timestamp":1758575409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010117302325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0041010117302325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}