{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:26:33Z","timestamp":1787739993724,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T03:45:37Z","timestamp":1503459937000},"page":"107-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Botulinum toxin in parkinsonism: The when, how, and which for botulinum toxin injections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000641","article-title":"Low clinical diagnostic accuracy of early vs advanced Parkinson disease: clinicopathologic study","volume":"83","author":"Adler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.09.017","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA office treatment for neurogenic bladder incontinence in Parkinson's disease","volume":"83","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22643","article-title":"The PRIAMO study: a multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson's disease","volume":"24","author":"Barone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.279","article-title":"Botulinum toxin use in refractory pain and other symptoms in parkinsonism","volume":"43","author":"Bruno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21646","article-title":"Sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"16","author":"Chou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2003.10.012","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided versus 'blind' intraparotid injections of botulinum toxin-A for the treatment of sialorrhoea in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"106","author":"Dogu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70067-9","article-title":"Postural deformities in Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Doherty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.03.027","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin-A for treatment of Pisa syndrome: a new target muscle","volume":"21","author":"Dupeyron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23522","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for Levodopa-induced cervical dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: unfavorable risk-benefit ratio","volume":"26","author":"Espay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib10","first-page":"1453","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for overactive bladder and detrusor muscle overactivity in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"182","author":"Giannantoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib11","first-page":"960","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A in patients with Parkinson's disease and refractory overactive bladder","volume":"186","author":"Giannantoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2094","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for foot dystonia in patients with Parkinson's disease having deep brain stimulation: a case series and a pilot study","volume":"48","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21396","article-title":"The effect of injecting botulinum toxin type A into the calf muscles on freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a double blind placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Gurevich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.11.013","article-title":"Disease-oriented approach to botulinum toxin use","volume":"54","author":"Jankovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.5.646","article-title":"Re-emergent tremor of Parkinson's disease","volume":"67","author":"Jankovic","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827deb74","article-title":"The spectrum of nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson disease","volume":"80","author":"Khoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090605","article-title":"\u201cApraxia of lid opening,\u201d a focal eyelid dystonia: clinical study of 32 patients","volume":"9","author":"Krack","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.06.006","article-title":"Use of botulinum toxin-A for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Kulaksizoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00041-1","article-title":"Freezing of gait: a practical approach to management","volume":"14","author":"Nonnekes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7083127","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for neuropathic pain: a review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100317","article-title":"\u201cOff\u201d painful dystonia in Parkinson's disease treated with botulinum toxin","volume":"10","author":"Pacchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21724","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type B vs. type A in toxin-na\u00efve patients with cervical dystonia: randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial","volume":"23","author":"Pappert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.08.014","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin A and B in sialorrhea: long-term data and literature overview","volume":"107","author":"Petracca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21019","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A may be efficacious as treatment for jaw tremor in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23884","article-title":"The movement disorder society evidence-based medicine review update: treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease","volume":"66","author":"Seppi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.7.6.637","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tremors, dystonias, sialorrhea and other symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Sheffield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.08.013","article-title":"Drooling in Parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"20","author":"Srivanitchapoom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00243-4","article-title":"Prolonged-release oxycodone-naloxone for treatment of severe pain in patients with Parkinson's disease (PANDA): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21967","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided injection of the iliopsoas muscle with botulinum toxin in camptocormia","volume":"23","author":"von Coelln","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000172930.63669.c8","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injections do not improve freezing of gait in Parkinson disease","volume":"65","author":"Wieler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010117302635?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010117302635?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T04:40:06Z","timestamp":1575520806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010117302635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0041010117302635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Botulinum toxin in parkinsonism: The when, how, and which for botulinum toxin injections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}