{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T10:03:55Z","timestamp":1783850635655,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Academico UNAM","award":["IN203416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN203416"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T02:50:00Z","timestamp":1515725400000},"page":"51-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Venom characterization of the Amazonian scorpion Tityus metuendus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"C.V.F.","family":"Batista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.G.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Restano-Cassulini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.I.V.","family":"Coronas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.Z.","family":"Zamudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Proc\u00f3pio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.D.","family":"Possani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2005.08.010","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the venom and characterization of toxins specific for Na+ and K+-channels from the Colombian scorpion Tityus pachyurus","volume":"1764","author":"Barona","year":"2006","journal-title":"BBA \u2013 Proteins Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02253-5","article-title":"Tc1, from Tityus cambridgei, is the first member of a new sub-family of scorpion toxin that blocks K+-channels","volume":"486","author":"Batista","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00252-5","article-title":"Scorpion toxins from Tityus cambridgei that affect Na+-channels","volume":"40","author":"Batista","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-9639(02)00458-2","article-title":"Two novel toxins from the Amazonian scorpion Tityus cambridgei that block Kv1.3 and Shaker B K+-channels with distinctly different affinities","volume":"1601","author":"Batista","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.09.002","article-title":"Proteomics of the venom from the Amazonian scorpion Tityus cambridgei and the role of prolines on mass spectrometry analysis","volume":"803","author":"Batista","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500525","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of Tityus discrepans scorpion venom and amino acid sequence of novel toxins","volume":"6","author":"Batista","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib7","first-page":"147","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the venom from the scorpion Tityus stigmurus: biochemical and physiological comparison with other Tityus species","volume":"146","author":"Batista","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3130753","article-title":"Toxic peptides and genes encoding gamma toxin of the Brazilian scorpions Tityus bahiensis and Tityus stigmurus","volume":"313","author":"Becerril","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00198-5","article-title":"Toxins and genes isolated from scorpions of the genus Tityus: a review","volume":"35","author":"Becerril","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib10","series-title":"Scorpion Venoms","first-page":"215","article-title":"Scorpionism and dangerous scorpions in Central America and the Caribbean region","author":"Borges","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.021","article-title":"Epidemiology of scorpionism: a global appraisal","volume":"107","author":"Chippaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08545.x","article-title":"Investigation of the relationship between the structure and function of Ts2, a neurotoxin from Tityus serrulatus venom","volume":"279","author":"Cologna","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00247-7","article-title":"Disulfide bridges and blockage of Shaker B K+-channels by another butantoxin peptide purified from the Argentinean scorpion Tityus trivittatus","volume":"41","author":"Coronas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.05.002","article-title":"Biochemical and physiological characterization of a new Na+-channel specific peptide from the venom of the Argentinean scorpion Tityus trivittatus","volume":"68","author":"Coronas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00156-5","article-title":"HPLC purification and amino acid sequence of toxins form the muscarinic fraction of Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"34","author":"D'Suze","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00947-3","article-title":"A\u00a0novel K+ channel blocking toxin from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"456","author":"D'Suze","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.12.004","article-title":"Ardiscretin a novel arthropod-selective toxin from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom","volume":"43","author":"D'Suze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2009.05.005","article-title":"Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of genes from a cDNA library of the scorpion Tityus discrepans","volume":"91","author":"D'Suze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3109\/15569549509019474","article-title":"The toxins purified from Tityus serrulatus (Lutz and Mello) venom","volume":"14","author":"De Lima","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Toxicol. Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.10.014","article-title":"The Brazilian scorpion Tityus costatus Karsch: genes, peptides and function","volume":"45","author":"Diego-Garc\u00eda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.06.012","article-title":"Wide phylogenetic distribution of Scorpine and long-chain beta-KTx-like peptides in scorpion venoms: identification of \"orphan\" components","volume":"28","author":"Diego-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib22","first-page":"309","article-title":"Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Tityus pachyurus and Tityus obscurus","volume":"1243","author":"Guerrero-Vargas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib23","series-title":"Scorpions of Brazil","first-page":"308","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib24","first-page":"55","article-title":"Nouvelle proposition de d\u00e9coupage sous-g\u00e9n\u00e9rique du genre Tityus C.L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bol. Soc. Entomol. Aragon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(94)00142-K","article-title":"Amino acid sequence of TsTX-V, and alfa-toxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom, and its effect on K+ permeability of beta-cells from isolated rat islets of Langerhans","volume":"1243","author":"Marangoni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)80496-6","article-title":"Biochemical, pharmacological and genomic characterization of TsIV, an \u03b1-toxin from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"342","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.06.016","article-title":"Potassium channel blockers from the venom of the Brazililan scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Lutz and Mello, 1922)","volume":"119","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.014","article-title":"Amino acid sequence and function of a new \u03b1-toxin from the Amazonian scorpion Tityus cambridgei","volume":"43","author":"Murgia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.02.017","article-title":"Isolation, chemical and functional characterization of several new K+-channel blocking peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides tecomanus","volume":"115","author":"Olamendi-Portugal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib30","series-title":"Proteomic Endorsed Trnascriptomic Profile of the Venom from Tityus Obscurus","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03754.x","article-title":"Macrophage activation, phagocytosis and intracellular calcium oscillations induced by scorpion toxins from Tityus serrulatus","volume":"154","author":"Petricevich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1107\/S090744490202111X","article-title":"Structural analysis of Tityus serrulatus Ts1 neurotoxin at atomic resolution: insights into interactions with Na+-channels","volume":"59","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02906497","article-title":"Purification and chemical characterization of the major toxins from the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Mello","volume":"46","author":"Possani","year":"1981","journal-title":"Carlsberg Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2290739","article-title":"Scorpion toxins from Centruroides noxious and Tityus serrulatus: primary structures and sequence comparison by metric analysis","volume":"229","author":"Possani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)49971-1","article-title":"Discharge effect on pancreatic exocrine secretion produced by toxins purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom","volume":"266","author":"Possani","year":"1991","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00625.x","article-title":"Scorpion toxins specific for Na+-channels","volume":"264","author":"Possani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(00)01167-6","article-title":"Peptides and genes coding for scorpion toxins that affect ion-channels","volume":"82","author":"Possani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0519248","article-title":"The solution structure of discrepin, a new K+-channel blocking peptide from the sub-family \u03b1-KTX15","volume":"45","author":"Prochnicka-Chalufour","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib39","series-title":"Scorpion Venoms","first-page":"299","article-title":"Scorpionism and dangerous species in Brazil","author":"Pucca","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128819","article-title":"Severity of scorpion stings in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Queiroz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.07.012","article-title":"Scorpion venom components that affect ion-channels function","volume":"76","author":"Quintero-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9030074","article-title":"Antivenom evaluation by electrophysiological analysis","volume":"9","author":"Restano-Cassulini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.03.022","article-title":"Minireview: current views on scorpion toxins specific for K+-channels","volume":"43","author":"Rodr\u00edguez de la Vega","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.006","article-title":"Overview of scorpion toxins specific for Na+ channels and related peptides: biodiversity, structure-function relationships and evolution","volume":"46","author":"Rodr\u00edguez de la Vega","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.08.014","article-title":"General biochemical and immunological characterization of the venom from the scorpion Tityus trivittatus of Argentina","volume":"55","author":"Roodt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8010002","article-title":"Scorpions from Mexico: from species diversity to venom complexity","volume":"8","author":"Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20326","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M600565200","article-title":"Resurgent current and voltage sensor-trapping enhanced activation of a \u03b2-scorpion toxin solely in Nav1.6 sodium channel: significance in mice Purkinje neurons","volume":"281","author":"Schiavon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006_bib48","first-page":"167","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical-epidemiological study of the scorpionic accidents attended at the Tropical Medicine Institute of Manaus in the period de 1986 a 1994","volume":"28","author":"Souza","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Braz. Soc. Trop. Med."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010118300060?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010118300060?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T13:45:44Z","timestamp":1617716744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010118300060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0041010118300060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Venom characterization of the Amazonian scorpion Tityus metuendus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}