{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:25:17Z","timestamp":1789496717709,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T12:28:16Z","timestamp":1517488096000},"page":"120-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Botulinum toxin treatment of pain syndromes \u2013an evidence based review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Yasaman","family":"Safarpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Jabbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000237100.29870.cc","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for chronic pain and pelvic floor spasm in women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0375-08.2008","article-title":"Long-distance retrograde effects of botulinum neurotoxin A","volume":"28","author":"Antonucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.06.013","article-title":"Update on the nociceptive mechanism hypothesiss and relate disorders","volume":"17","author":"Aoki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827a72d2","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A in postherpetic neuralgia: a parallel, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Apalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00017-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of repeated injections of botulinum toxin A in peripheral neuropathic pain (BOTNEP): a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Attal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000176339.73591.d7","article-title":"Treatment of pain attributed to plantar fasciitis with botulinum toxin a: a short-term, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"84","author":"Babcock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2009.08.012","article-title":"Central origin of the antinociceptive action of botulinum toxin type A","volume":"94","author":"Bach-Rojecky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60340-7","article-title":"Clinical update: low back pain","volume":"369","author":"Balague","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a02","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00179.x","article-title":"Epidemiology, public health burden ,and treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain: a review","volume":"8","author":"Barrett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000220","article-title":"Analgesic effects of botulinum toxin A: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical","volume":"42","author":"Barwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.12.003","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia pain relief after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery","author":"Baschnagel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328014979e","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: classification, measurement and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Boulton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00084.x","article-title":"Clinically significant placebo analgesic response in a pilot trial of botulinum B in patients with hand pain and carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Breuer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib14","first-page":"758","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American association of neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic medicine, and the American Academy of physical medicine and rehabilitation","volume":"76","author":"Bril","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200210000-00006","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A use in piriformis muscle syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"81","author":"Childers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.513","article-title":"Intrathecal administration of botulinum toxin type A improves urinary bladder function and reduces pain in rats with cystitis","volume":"18","author":"Coelho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.10.008","article-title":"Subcutaneous administration of botulinum toxin A reduces formalin induced pain","volume":"107","author":"Cui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181d23241","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of lumbar myofascial pain in humans","volume":"35","author":"De Andres","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2011.11.001","article-title":"Neurotherapeutics to inhibit exocytosis from sensory neurons for the control of chronic pain","volume":"12","author":"Dolly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1605-7","article-title":"Antinociceptive action of botulinum toxin type A in carrageenan-induced mirror pain","volume":"123","author":"Drinovac","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04007.x","article-title":"Regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion from trigeminal nerve cells by botulinum toxin Type A: implications for migraine therapy","volume":"44","author":"Durham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib22","first-page":"555","article-title":"Modulation of inflammatory mediators in the trigeminal ganglion by botulinum neurotoxin type A: an organ culture study","volume":"16","author":"Edvinsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712460215","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of botulinum toxin a and intralesional steroids for the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized, double-blinded study","volume":"34","author":"Elizondo-Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090906","article-title":"Use of anatomic measurement to guide injection of botulinum toxin for the management of chronic lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"182","author":"Espandar","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12951","article-title":"Transurethral intraprostatic injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A for the treatment of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: results of a prospective pilot double-blind and randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"116","author":"Falahatkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.995","article-title":"Bilateral analgesic effects of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport(\u00ae) ) following unilateral administration in the rat","volume":"21","author":"Favre-Guilmard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200508000-00021","article-title":"Evidence against trigger point injection technique for the treatment of cervicothoracic myofascial pain with botulinum toxin type A","volume":"103","author":"Ferrante","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135834","article-title":"Botulinum A toxin effects on rat jaw muscle spindles","volume":"113","author":"Filippi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05110.x","article-title":"Familial pain syndromes from mutations of the NaV1.7 sodium channel","volume":"1184","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib30","article-title":"Electrophysiologically identified piriformis syndrome is successfully treated with incobotulinum toxin a and physical therapy","author":"Fishman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.10.1290","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A and chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind study","volume":"56","author":"Foster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336533.19610.1b","article-title":"Lost in a jungle of evidence: we need a compass","volume":"71","author":"French","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib34","first-page":"106","article-title":"The effects of intradermal botulinum toxin type a injections on pain symptoms of patients with diabetic neuropathy","volume":"19","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.05.001","article-title":"Dysport myofascial pain study group. Efficacy and safety of a single botulinum typeA toxin complex treatment (Dysport) for the relief of upper back myofascial pain syndrome: results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre study","volume":"125","author":"G\u00f6bel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599.2010.529820","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study of botulinum toxin A for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Gottsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336535.27773.c0","article-title":"Practice parameters and technology assessments: what they are, what they are not, and why you should care","volume":"71","author":"Gronseth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.12.004","article-title":"Evidenced- based review and assessment of botulinum neurotoxin for treatment of movement disorders","author":"Hallett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1983.11698378","article-title":"Sciatic pain and the piriformis muscle","volume":"74","author":"Hallin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24605","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"79","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01896","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of tennis elbow. A double-blind, randomized, controlled, pilot study","volume":"87","author":"Hayton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0491","article-title":"Ultrasonographic guided botulinum toxin type A treatment for plantar fasciitis: an outcome-based investigation for treating pain and gait changes","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00147.x","article-title":"Treatment of refractory, chronic low back pain with botulinum neurotoxin A: an open-label, pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Jabbari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-0009-5","article-title":"Brief review: piriformis syndrome: etiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"60","author":"Jankovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270114","article-title":"Incidence and clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia, Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1984","volume":"27","author":"Katusic","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900111","article-title":"Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis","volume":"19","author":"Kibler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.01.066","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201cbotulinum toxin type A (150 kDa) decreases exaggerated neurotransmitter release from trigeminal ganglion neurons and relieves neuropathy behaviors induced by infraorbital nerve constriction\u201d","volume":"159","author":"Kitamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22760","article-title":"Intravesical botulinum toxin-A injections reduce bladder pain of interstitialcystitis\/bladder pain syndrome refractory to conventional treatment \u2013 a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-43","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of Botulinum toxin-A in 88 patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia with 14-month follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib51","series-title":"Abobotulinum Toxin a in the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain","author":"Machado","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047977","article-title":"The analgesic effect on neuropathic pain of retrogradely transported botulinum neurotoxin A involves Schwann cells and astrocytes","volume":"7","author":"Marinelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.12.009","article-title":"Botulinum toxin B in the sensory afferent Transmitter release, spinal activation, and pain behavior","volume":"155","author":"Marino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.05.001","article-title":"Botulinum toxin's axonal transport from periphery to the spinal cord","volume":"61","author":"Matak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/363543a0","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia","volume":"363","author":"McLachlan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7083127","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for neuropathic pain: a review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib58","first-page":"356","article-title":"Pain, medication use, and health-related quality of life in older persons with postherpetic neuralgia: results from a population-based survey","volume":"6","author":"Oster","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4519","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7114519","article-title":"Current status and future directions of botulinum neurotoxins for targeting pain processing","volume":"7","author":"Pellett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31823ae65a","article-title":"Is botulinum toxin A effective for the treatment of plantar fasciitis?","volume":"28","author":"Peterlein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200702000-00004","article-title":"Treatment of chronic radial epicondylitis with botulinum toxin A: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized multicenter study","volume":"89","author":"Placzek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/206588a0","article-title":"Impairment of sympathetic transmission by botulinum toxin","volume":"206","author":"Rand","year":"1965","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21427","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A induces direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"64","author":"Ranoux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15650","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2618-11.2011","article-title":"Evidence for anterograde transport and transcytosis of botulinum neurotoxin A(BoNT\/A)","volume":"31","author":"Restani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.03.003","article-title":"The efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of trigeminal and postherpetic neuralgia: a systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"122","author":"Shackleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-92","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-type A: could it be an effective treatment option in intractable trigeminal neuralgia?","volume":"14","author":"Shehata","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.11060FP","article-title":"Inhibition of membrane Na+ channels by A type botulinum toxin at femtomolar concentrations in central and peripheral neurons","volume":"118","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12562","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin type A modulates vesicular release of glutamate from satellite glial cells","volume":"19","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100336","article-title":"Intraarticular botulinum toxin A for refractory painful total knee artroplasty: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Sing","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib71","first-page":"640","article-title":"Treatment of refractory anterior knee pain using botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) injection to the distal vastus lateralis muscle. A randomized, placebo controlled crossover trial","volume":"65","author":"Singer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2009.02.004","article-title":"Intra-articular botulinum toxin A for refractory shoulder pain: a randomized,double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"153","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib74","series-title":"Neuropathic Pain \u2013Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment","first-page":"p14","article-title":"Peripheral and central mechanisms of neuropathic pain","author":"Treede","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182264fe9","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective randomized double-blinded pilot study to examine the effect of botulinum toxin type A injection versus Lidocaine\/Depomedrol injection on residual and phantom limb pain: initial report","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01003.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin a is beneficial in postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8537(05)70337-0","article-title":"Physiology and pharmacology of neuropathic pain","volume":"15","author":"Yaksh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.4065\/82.11.1341","article-title":"A\u00a0population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction","volume":"82","author":"Yawn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.22.9.952","article-title":"Tic douloureux in Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1969","volume":"22","author":"Yoshimasu","year":"1972","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345968.05959.cf","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for for diabetic neuropathic pain: a randomized double-blind crossover trial","volume":"72","author":"Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-65","article-title":"Two doses of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: observation of therapeutic effect from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.09.019","article-title":"Participation of pro- and anti-nociceptive interleukins in botulinum toxin A-induced analgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain","volume":"791","author":"Zychowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101011830031X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101011830031X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T04:41:11Z","timestamp":1575520871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004101011830031X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S004101011830031X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Botulinum toxin treatment of pain syndromes \u2013an evidence based review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.01.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}