{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:04:25Z","timestamp":1780668265855,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T14:56:32Z","timestamp":1532444192000},"page":"65-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical consequences of toxic envenomation by spiders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Vetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib1","series-title":"A Spider's World - Senses and Behavior","author":"Barth","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00234-8","article-title":"An analysis of geographic and intersexual chemical variation in venoms of the spider Tegenaria agrestis (Agelenidae)","volume":"39","author":"Binford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652000000100003","article-title":"A clinico-epidemiological study of bites by spiders of the genus Phoneutria","volume":"42","author":"Bucaretchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. S. Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib4","first-page":"536","article-title":"The clinical characteristics of brown recluse spider bites treated by family physicians: an OKPRN study","volume":"48","author":"Cacy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81021-2","article-title":"Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases","volume":"21","author":"Clark","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.07.012","article-title":"Brown spiders and loxoscelism","volume":"44","author":"da Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.08.002","article-title":"Description of Loxtox protein family and identification of a new group of Phospholipases D from Loxosceles similis venom gland","volume":"120","author":"Dantas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.17.3.220","article-title":"It's not a spider bite, it's community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"17","author":"Dominguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib9","article-title":"Envenomation by the noble false widow spider Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) - five new cases of steatodism from Ireland and Great Britain","author":"Dunbar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.17161\/kjm.v1i4.11276","article-title":"The danger of diagnostic error: community-acquired MRSA or spider bite?","volume":"1","author":"El Fakih","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kans. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib11","first-page":"2","article-title":"Accidentes por mordedura de la ara\u00f1a de las bananeras Phoneutria boliviensis (Aranae [sic]: Ctenidae) en la regi\u00f3n de Uraba, Colombia","volume":"33","author":"Fl\u00f3rez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Entomologo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib12","article-title":"A verified bite by Heteroscodra maculata (Togo starburst or ornamental baboon tarantula) resulting in long-lasting muscle cramps","author":"Fuchs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.10.032","article-title":"A verified spider bite and a review of the literature confirm Indian ornamental tree spider (Poecilotheria species) as underestimated theraphosids of medical importance","volume":"77","author":"Fuchs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst011","article-title":"Molecular evolution of \u03b1-latrotoxin, the exceptionally potent vertebrate neurotoxin in black widow spider venom","volume":"30","author":"Garb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00280-X","article-title":"Clinical and in vitro evidence for the efficacy of Australian red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom in the treatment of envenomation by the cupboard spider (Steatoda grossa)","volume":"40","author":"Graudins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00210-0","article-title":"Cross-reactivity of Sydney funnel-web spider antivenom: neutralization of the in vitro toxicity of other Australian funnel-web (Atrax and Hadronyche) spider venoms","volume":"40","author":"Graudins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.023","article-title":"Recent advances in the understanding of brown spider venoms: from the biology of spiders to the molecular mechanisms of toxins","volume":"83","author":"Gremski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib18","unstructured":"Guo S., Herzig V., King G.F., Dipteran toxicity assays for determining the oral insecticidal activity of venoms and toxins. Toxicon (accepted)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb121405.x","article-title":"Necrotising arachnidism in Australia: a simple case of misidentification","volume":"154","author":"Harvey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.024","article-title":"Dangerous arachnids - fake news or reality?","volume":"138","author":"Hauke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1636","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phylogenomic reclassification of the world's most venomous spiders (Mygalomorphae, Atracinae), with implications for venom evolution","volume":"8","author":"Hedin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120005493","article-title":"Data collection in clinical toxicology: debunking myths and developing diagnostic algorithms","volume":"40","author":"Isbister","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16816-5","article-title":"Necrotic arachnidism: the myth of a modern plague","volume":"364","author":"Isbister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05890.x","article-title":"Mouse spider bites (Missulena spp.) and their medical importance: a systematic review","volume":"180","author":"Isbister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62230-1","article-title":"Spider bite","volume":"378","author":"Isbister","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.11.723","article-title":"A prospective study of 750 definite spider bites, with expert spider identification","volume":"95","author":"Isbister","year":"2002","journal-title":"Quart. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05442.x","article-title":"Latrodectism: a prospective cohort study of bites by formally identified redback spiders","volume":"179","author":"Isbister","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05499.x","article-title":"White-tail spider bite: a prospective study of 130 definite bites by Lampona species","volume":"179","author":"Isbister","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.11.009","article-title":"Bites by Australian mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), including funnel-web spiders (Atracinae) and mouse spiders (Actinopodidae: Missulena spp)","volume":"43","author":"Isbister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.002","article-title":"Clinical consequences of spider bites: recent advances in our understanding","volume":"43","author":"Isbister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06760.x","article-title":"Funnel-web spider bite: a systematic review of recorded clinical cases","volume":"182","author":"Isbister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00395-1","article-title":"Bites by spiders of the family Theraphosidae in humans and canines","volume":"41","author":"Isbister","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb125430.x","article-title":"Inappropriate diagnosis of necrotizing arachnidism: watch out Miss Muffet - but don't get paranoid","volume":"152","author":"Kemp","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90350-6","article-title":"Mygalomorph spider bites: a report on 91 cases in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"32","author":"Lucas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000300005","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological features of definitive and presumed loxoscelism in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"44","author":"M\u00e1laque","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. S. Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.09.011","article-title":"Clinical picture and laboratorial evaluation in human loxoscelism","volume":"58","author":"M\u00e1laque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1526.1.1","article-title":"The non-Amazonian species of the Brazilian wandering spiders of the genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae: Ctenidae), with the description of a new species","volume":"1526","author":"Martins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.03.009","article-title":"Verified spider bites in Oregon (USA) with the intent to assess hobo spider venom toxicity","volume":"84","author":"McKeown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib39","first-page":"399","article-title":"Black and brown widow spider bites in South Africa: a series of 45 cases","volume":"83","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1993","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.07.010","article-title":"A two year study of verified spider bites in Switzerland and a review of the European spider bite literature","volume":"73","author":"Nentwig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03741.x","article-title":"Spiders of medical importance in the Asia-Pacific: atracotoxin, latrotoxin and related spider neurotoxins","volume":"29","author":"Nicholson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA-S-18-026.1","article-title":"Black widow spiders, Latrodectus spp., (Araneae: Theridiidae) and other spiders feeding on mammals","volume":"46","author":"Nyffeler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Arachnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.05.005","article-title":"The efficacy of antivenom in loxoscelism treatment","volume":"48","author":"Pauli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.605","article-title":"Extreme pain from brown recluse spider bites: model for cytokine-driven pain","volume":"150","author":"Payne","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80738-2","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of brown recluse spider bites","volume":"16","author":"Rees","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(90)90260-E","article-title":"Wolf spider bites in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil: a clinical and epidemiological study of 515 cases","volume":"28","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2122851","article-title":"Spider-venom peptides as therapeutics","volume":"2","author":"Saez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112385","article-title":"Necrotic arachnidism","volume":"44","author":"Sams","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112380","article-title":"Nineteen documented cases of Loxosceles reclusa envenomation","volume":"44","author":"Sams","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib50","first-page":"67","article-title":"Revision and cladistic analysis of the neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae) with notes on related Ctenidae","volume":"12","author":"Sim\u00f3","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. Brit. Arachnol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.5665","article-title":"NOT RECLUSE \u2013 a mnemonic device to avoid false diagnosis of brown recluse spider bites","volume":"153","author":"Stoecker","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.02.023","article-title":"How informative are case studies of spider bite in the medical literature?","volume":"114","author":"Stuber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.09.014","article-title":"\u201cSpider bite\u201d lesions are usually diagnosed as skin and soft-tissue infections","volume":"41","author":"Suchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1978.tb131783.x","article-title":"Survey of 2144 cases of red-back spider bites","volume":"2","author":"Sutherland","year":"1978","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041184","article-title":"Bites of brown recluse spiders and suspected necrotic arachnidism","volume":"352","author":"Swanson","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.2174\/15665240113139990045","article-title":"Antimicrobial potenital of lycosin-I, a cationic and amphiphilic peptide from the venom fo the spider Lycosa singorensis","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib57","first-page":"424","article-title":"Brown recluse spider envenomation: dermatologic application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"4","author":"Tutrone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1636\/RSt08-06.1","article-title":"Spiders of the genus Loxosceles (Araneae: Sicariidae): a review of biological, medical and psychological aspects regarding envenomations","volume":"36","author":"Vetter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Arachnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib59","series-title":"The Brown Recluse Spider","author":"Vetter","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.03.016","article-title":"Do hobo spider bites cause dermonecrotic injuries?","volume":"44","author":"Vetter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.02.002","article-title":"Verified bites by the woodlouse spider, Dysdera crocata","volume":"47","author":"Vetter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093503","article-title":"Medical aspects of spider bites","volume":"53","author":"Vetter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/54.2.88","article-title":"On distinguishing two often-misidentified genera (Cupiennius, Phoneutria) (Araneae: Ctenidae) of large spiders found in Central and South American cargo shipments","volume":"54","author":"Vetter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1603\/ME14037","article-title":"Spiders (Araneae) found in bananas and other international cargo submitted to North American arachnologists for identification","volume":"51","author":"Vetter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.1043","article-title":"Verified bites by Cheiracanthium spiders in the United States and Australia: where is the necrosis?","volume":"74","author":"Vetter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.171.9.830","article-title":"Skin lesions in barracks: consider community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection instead of spider bites","volume":"171","author":"Vetter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.11.229","article-title":"Do spiders vector bacteria during bites? The evidence indicates otherwise","volume":"93","author":"Vetter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113300.x","article-title":"Latrodectism as mimic","volume":"142","author":"White","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.021","article-title":"A phoenix of clinical toxinology: white-tailed spider (Lampona spp.) bites. A case report and review of medical significance","volume":"87","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1961.tb82566.x","article-title":"Red back spider bite in Australia: an analysis of 167 cases","volume":"2","author":"Wiener","year":"1961","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70106-9","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome of brown recluse spider bite","volume":"30","author":"Wright","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.04.350","article-title":"Sphingomyelinase D in sicariid spider venom is a potent insecticidal toxin","volume":"60","author":"Zobel-Thropp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010118303246?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010118303246?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:11:18Z","timestamp":1758575478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010118303246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S0041010118303246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical consequences of toxic envenomation by spiders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}