{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:42:02Z","timestamp":1792687322388,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T01:26:40Z","timestamp":1543282000000},"page":"33-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Arthropod assassins: Crawling biochemists with diverse toxin pharmacopeias"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Volker","family":"Herzig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-007-0316-1","article-title":"Convergent evolution in the antennae of a cerambycid beetle, Onychocerus albitarsis, and the sting of a scorpion","volume":"95","author":"Berkov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-11-47","article-title":"Are ticks venomous animals?","volume":"11","author":"Cabezas-Cruz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.06.085","article-title":"The diversity of venom components of the scorpion species Paravaejovis schwenkmeyeri (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) revealed by transcriptome and proteome analyses","volume":"151","author":"Cid-Uribe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.06.073","article-title":"PnTx2-6 (or \u03b4-CNTX-Pn2a), a toxin from Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom, releases L-glutamate from rat brain synaptosomes involving Na+ and Ca2+ channels and changes protein expression at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"150","author":"da Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.018","article-title":"Structural diversity of arthropod venom toxins","volume":"152","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.04.029","article-title":"Diversity of peptidic and proteinaceous toxins from social Hymenoptera venoms","volume":"148","author":"Dos Santos-Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-006-9050-4","article-title":"Molecular diversification in spider venoms: a web of combinatorial peptide libraries","volume":"10","author":"Escoubas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Divers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.01.018","article-title":"Venom landscapes: mining the complexity of spider venoms via a combined cDNA and mass spectrometric approach","volume":"47","author":"Escoubas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib9","series-title":"Biologie der Spinnen","author":"Foelix","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120710-100659","article-title":"Reevaluating the arthropod tree of life","volume":"57","author":"Giribet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.06.077","article-title":"Dipteran toxicity assays for determining the oral insecticidal activity of venoms and toxins","volume":"150","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.08.024","article-title":"Dangerous arachnids-Fake news or reality?","volume":"138","author":"Hauke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312","article-title":"Editorial- Arthropod assassins: crawling biochemists with diverse toxin pharmacopeias","volume":"158","author":"Herzig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.10.013","article-title":"Isolation of two insecticidal toxins from venom of the Australian theraphosid spider Coremiocnemis tropix","volume":"123","author":"Ikonomopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242735499","article-title":"One scorpion, two venoms: prevenom of Parabuthus transvaalicus acts as an alternative type of venom with distinct mechanism of action","volume":"100","author":"Inceoglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.10.304","article-title":"Probable cutaneous loxoscelism with mild systemic symptoms: a case report from Spain","volume":"156","author":"Jerusalem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.433","article-title":"Biochemistry, ecology and evolution of arthropod venoms","volume":"158","author":"Laxme","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7072385","article-title":"Venom proteins from parasitoid wasps and their biological functions","volume":"7","author":"Moreau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.06.002","article-title":"First molecular phylogeny of the major clades of Pseudoscorpiones (Arthropoda: Chelicerata)","volume":"49","author":"Murienne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.09.008","article-title":"Centipede envenomation: clinical importance and the underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"154","author":"Ombati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.04.011","article-title":"A membrane disrupting toxin from wasp venom underlies the molecular mechanism of tissue damage","volume":"148","author":"Ombati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.11.233","article-title":"Scorpion venom components as potential candidates for drug development","volume":"93","author":"Ortiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.04.032","article-title":"Scorpion toxins to unravel the conundrum of ion channel structure and functioning","volume":"150","author":"Ortiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1081\/TXR-200057857","article-title":"A natural combinatorial chemistry strategy in acylpolyamine toxins from Nephilinae orb-web spiders","volume":"24","author":"Palma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.008","article-title":"Phoneutria nigriventer venom: a pharmacological treasure","volume":"151","author":"Peigneur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2017.04.016","article-title":"Wasp venomic: unravelling the toxins arsenal of Polybia paulista venom and its potential pharmaceutical applications","volume":"161","author":"Perez-Riverol","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib27","article-title":"Tick paralysis: solving an enigma","volume":"5","author":"Pienaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00377328","article-title":"Scorpions, spiders and solpugids: predation and competition among distantly related taxa","volume":"71","author":"Polis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib29","series-title":"The Scorpion Files","author":"Rein","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2017.1377613","article-title":"Venom peptides as therapeutics: advances, challenges and the future of venom-peptide discovery","volume":"14","author":"Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Proteonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau4640","article-title":"A comprehensive portrait of the venom of the giant red bull ant, Myrmecia gulosa, reveals a hyperdiverse hymenopteran toxin gene family","volume":"4","author":"Robinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.298","article-title":"Versatile spider venom peptides and their medical and agricultural applications","volume":"158","author":"Saez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10050207","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of pseudoscorpion venom reveals a unique cocktail dominated by enzymes and protease Inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Santibanez-Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.05.013","article-title":"Clinical consequences of toxic envenomations by Hymenoptera","volume":"150","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182848","article-title":"Discovery and mode of action of a novel analgesic beta-toxin from the African spider Ceratogyrus darlingi","volume":"12","author":"Sousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8010030","article-title":"The biochemical toxin arsenal from ant venoms","volume":"8","author":"Touchard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7030679","article-title":"Centipede venom: recent discoveries and current state of knowledge","volume":"7","author":"Undheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2016.1235155","article-title":"Centipede venoms as a source of drug leads","volume":"11","author":"Undheim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.021","article-title":"Clinical consequences of toxic envenomation by spiders","volume":"152","author":"Vetter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.08.007","article-title":"Venomous caterpillars: from inoculation apparatus to venom composition and envenomation","volume":"153","author":"Villas-Boas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst199","article-title":"The first venomous crustacean revealed by transcriptomics and functional morphology: remipede venom glands express a unique toxin cocktail dominated by enzymes and a neurotoxin","volume":"31","author":"von Reumont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3488","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6123488","article-title":"Quo vadis venomics? A roadmap to neglected venomous invertebrates","volume":"6","author":"von Reumont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8020043","article-title":"Venoms of heteropteran insects: a treasure trove of diverse pharmacological toolkits","volume":"8","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2768-1","article-title":"Giant fish-killing water bug reveals ancient and dynamic venom evolution in Heteroptera","volume":"75","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03091-5","article-title":"The assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis produces two distinct venoms in separate gland lumens","volume":"9","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.09.004","article-title":"Entomo-venomics: the evolution, biology and biochemistry of insect venoms","volume":"154","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.026","article-title":"Female-biased population divergence in the venom of the Hentz striped scorpion (Centruroides hentzi)","volume":"152","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.007","article-title":"A global accounting of medically significant scorpions: epidemiology, major toxins, and comparative resources in harmless counterparts","volume":"151","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib49","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11251","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402226101","article-title":"CSTX-13, a highly synergistically acting two-chain neurotoxic enhancer in the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae)","volume":"101","author":"Wullschleger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992008000300007","article-title":"The venom gland of the scorpion species Euscorpius mingrelicus (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae): morphological and ultrastructural characterization","volume":"14","author":"Yigit","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010118310419?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010118310419?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T16:57:15Z","timestamp":1547139435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010118310419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0041010118310419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Arthropod assassins: Crawling biochemists with diverse toxin pharmacopeias","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.312","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}