{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:17:43Z","timestamp":1792034263858,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"FONDECYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1130037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1130037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T21:54:19Z","timestamp":1554242059000},"page":"26-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of Neosaxitoxin as a local anesthetic during piglet castration: A potential alternative for Lidocaine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Simbaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrella","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0836-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn M.","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2647-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Piron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1444-y","article-title":"Evaluation of toxicity equivalent factors of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in seven human sodium channels types by an automated high throughput electrophysiology system","volume":"90","author":"Alonso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.012","article-title":"Noncanonical roles of voltage-gated sodium channels","volume":"80","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-6226(82)90017-3","article-title":"Compounds responsible for boar taint, with special emphasis on androstenone: a review","volume":"9","author":"Bonneau","year":"1982","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.10.005","article-title":"The use of lidocaine as an anti-inflammatory substance: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Caracas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib5","series-title":"Pig castration: methods of anaesthesia and analgesia for all pigs and other alternatives for pigs used in traditional products","author":"CASTRUM","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-016-0046-x","article-title":"Pig castration: will the EU manage to ban pig castration by 2018?","volume":"2","author":"De Briyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Porc. Health Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109004674","article-title":"Practice on castration of piglets in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Fredriksen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib8","article-title":"An investigation of the effects of intratesticular alfaxalone and lidocaine during castration in piglets","volume":"31","author":"Hancock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200009000-00038","article-title":"Local anesthetics and the inflammatory response: a new therapeutic indication?","volume":"93","author":"Hollmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.17236\/sat00169","article-title":"Optimization of analgesia for piglet castration under isoflurane anaesthesia with parenteral butorphanol, meloxicam or intratesticular lidocaine","volume":"160","author":"Hug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib11","first-page":"309","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins. Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae","author":"Lagos","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1039\/b501296c","article-title":"Saxitoxin, a toxic marine natural product that targets a multitude of receptors","volume":"23","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000831","article-title":"A phase 1, dose-escalation, double-blind, block-randomized, controlled trial of safety and efficacy of Neosaxitoxin alone and in combination with 0.2% bupivacaine, with and without epinephrine, for cutaneous anesthesia","volume":"123","author":"Lobo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0735-3","article-title":"Efficacy of oral meloxicam suspension for prevention of pain and inflammation following band and surgical castration in calves","volume":"12","author":"Olson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00675.x","article-title":"Distribution of radioactive lidocaine injected into the testes in piglets","volume":"28","author":"Ranheim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.11.004","article-title":"Neosaxitoxin, a Paralytic Shellfish Poison toxin, effectively manages bucked shins pain, as a local long-acting pain blocker in an equine model","volume":"141","author":"Riquelme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200702000-00023","article-title":"Neosaxitoxin as a local anesthetic","volume":"106","author":"Rodriguez-Navarro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(00)00143-X","article-title":"Vocal responses of piglets to castration: identifying procedural sources of pain","volume":"70","author":"Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00123-X","article-title":"Behavioural responses of piglets to castration: the effect of piglet age","volume":"73","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00051","article-title":"Development of a piglet grimace scale to evaluate piglet pain using facial expressions following castration and tail docking: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Viscardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010119301060?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010119301060?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T03:37:17Z","timestamp":1565149037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010119301060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0041010119301060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of Neosaxitoxin as a local anesthetic during piglet castration: A potential alternative for Lidocaine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}