{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:44:55Z","timestamp":1787960695918,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":292,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T11:08:21Z","timestamp":1560510501000},"page":"134-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Determination of hyaluronidase activity in Tityus spp. Scorpion venoms and its inhibition by Brazilian antivenoms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Guerra-Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Campolina","family":"Rebello Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara Bruna","family":"Ribeiro Oliveira-Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"de Freitas Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Costal-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Stransky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Fonseca de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9lio","family":"Campolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pereira de Oliveira Pardal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rejane","family":"Lira-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Andr\u00e9s","family":"Machado de \u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanguedes","family":"Kalapothakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ol\u00f3rtegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4236\/ojgen.2012.24027","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom gland","volume":"02","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open J. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib2","series-title":"Farmacopeia Brasileira","author":"ANVISA","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.004","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the venom from the scorpion Tityus stigmurus: biochemical and physiological comparison with other Tityus species","volume":"146","author":"Batista","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143963","article-title":"Isolation, N-glycosylations and function of a hyaluronidase-like enzyme from the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei","volume":"10","author":"Biner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.08.014","article-title":"Isolation, enzymatic characterization and antiedematogenic activity of the first reported rattlesnake hyaluronidase from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom","volume":"94","author":"Bordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.02.012","article-title":"Antivenom: the most cost-effective treatment in the world?","volume":"55","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.06.022","article-title":"Clinical consequences of Tityus bahiensis and Tityus serrulatus scorpion stings in the region of Campinas, southeastern Brazil","volume":"89","author":"Bucaretchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.06.013","article-title":"General biochemical and immunological characteristics of the venom from Peruvian scorpion Hadruroides lunatus","volume":"60","author":"Costal-Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0237-2015","article-title":"Clinical update on scorpion envenoming","volume":"48","author":"Cupo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.12.013","article-title":"The transcriptome recipe for the venom cocktail of Tityus bahiensis scorpion","volume":"95","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193739","article-title":"Proteomic endorsed transcriptomic profiles of venom glands from Tityus obscurus and T. serrulatus scorpions","volume":"13","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv140","article-title":"Determination of toxic activities in Bothrops spp. snake venoms using animal-free approaches: correlation between in vitro versus in vivo assays","volume":"147","author":"de Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.06.070","article-title":"History and perspectives on how to ensure antivenom accessibility in the most remote areas in Brazil","volume":"151","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002206","article-title":"A novel hyaluronidase from brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom (Dietrich's Hyaluronidase): from cloning to functional characterization","volume":"7","author":"Ferrer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.09.009","article-title":"A brief review of the scientific history of several lesser-known snake venom proteins: l-amino acid oxidases, hyaluronidases and phosphodiesterases","volume":"62","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.07.015","article-title":"Inhibition of Naja naja venom hyaluronidase: role in the management of poisonous bite","volume":"78","author":"Girish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.09.007","article-title":"Partial in vitro analysis of toxic and antigenic activities of eleven Peruvian pitviper snake venoms","volume":"108","author":"Guerra-Duarte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11010005","article-title":"Global availability of antivenoms: the relevance of public manufacturing laboratories","volume":"11","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib19","series-title":"Preclinical Antivenom-Efficacy Testing Reveals Potentially Disturbing Deficiencies of Snakebite Treatment Capability in East Africa 1\u201324","author":"Harrison","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.85.1.77","article-title":"Studies on spreading factors: I . The importance of mechanical factors in hyaluronidase action in skin","volume":"85","author":"Hechter","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002693","article-title":"Molecular, immunological, and biological characterization of Tityus serrulatus venom hyaluronidase: New insights into its role in envenomation","volume":"8","author":"Horta","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1261","article-title":"Snake venom hyaluronidase: a therapeutic target","volume":"24","author":"Kemparaju","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560040902","article-title":"Hyaluronidases - a group of neglected enzymes","volume":"4","author":"Kreil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.10.007","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic studies of scorpion venom before and after antivenom immunotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Krifi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611797633410","article-title":"Daboia russelli venom hyaluronidase: purification, characterization and inhibition by \u03b2-3-(3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridyl) \u03b1-amino-propionic Acid","volume":"11","author":"Mahadeswaraswamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.03.024","article-title":"Localization of epitopes in the toxins of Tityus serrulatus scorpions and neutralizing potential of therapeutic antivenoms","volume":"46","author":"Maria","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-2244-8","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of children stung by scorpion","volume":"173","author":"Mohamad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007048","article-title":"Inhibition of Tityus serrulatus venom hyaluronidase affects venom biodistribution","volume":"13","author":"Oliveira-Mendes","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00122-2","article-title":"A hyaluronidase from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom\u202f: isolation , characterization and inhibition by flavonoids","volume":"39","author":"Pessini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.08.064","article-title":"Influence of post-starvation extraction time and prey-specific diet in Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom composition and hyaluronidase activity","volume":"90","author":"Pucca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib34","series-title":"Scorpion Venoms","first-page":"299","article-title":"Scorpionism and dangerous species of Brazil","author":"Pucca","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651995000100011","article-title":"Standardization of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting circulating toxic venom antigens in patients stung by the scorpion Tityus serrulatus","volume":"37","author":"Rezende","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.05.008","article-title":"The history of antivenoms development: beyond Calmette and Vital Brazil","volume":"150","author":"Squaiella-Baptist\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1678-9199-20-2","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a hyaluronidase from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae)","volume":"20","author":"Sutti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350","article-title":"Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications","volume":"76","author":"Towbin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.02.012","article-title":"Enzymatic properties of venoms from Brazilian scorpions of Tityus genus and the neutralisation potential of therapeutical antivenoms","volume":"69","author":"Venancio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2019.03.022","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular characterization of the hyaluronidase from Bothrops atrox Peruvian snake venom","volume":"162","author":"Vivas-Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.08.016","article-title":"Egyptian horned viper Cerastes cerastes venom hyaluronidase: purification, partial characterization and evidence for its action as a spreading factor","volume":"60","author":"Wahby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib42","series-title":"Rabies and Envenomings: a Neglected Public Health Issue: Report of a Consultative Meeting","author":"WHO","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.05.001","article-title":"Clinical studies of the effectiveness and safety of antivenoms","volume":"150","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.09.001","article-title":"Hyaluronidase inhibitors (sodium cromoglycate and sodium auro-thiomalate) reduce the local tissue damage and prolong the survival time of mice injected with Naja kaouthia and Calloselasma rhodostoma venoms","volume":"42","author":"Yingprasertchai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010119301941?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010119301941?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:13:51Z","timestamp":1758575631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010119301941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0041010119301941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Determination of hyaluronidase activity in Tityus spp. Scorpion venoms and its inhibition by Brazilian antivenoms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.06.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}