{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:33:51Z","timestamp":1789922031105,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T13:58:19Z","timestamp":1577195899000},"page":"26-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Filling the gap of Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) research on clinico-pathology and haemato-biochemistry in small ruminants: A review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Kalai Vaani","family":"Muniandy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1038-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Lim Teik","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi Syazwani","family":"Jaapar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hazziq Mohd","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annas","family":"Salleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faez Firdaus Abdullah","family":"Jesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(97)81624-0","article-title":"Dietary factors affecting entero-hepatic function of ruminants in the tropics","volume":"69","author":"Abdullah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2001.1389","article-title":"Nutritive value and utilization of three grass species by crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats in Samoa","volume":"14","author":"Aregheore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Asian. Austral. J. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib3","first-page":"151","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in Brachiaria decumbens toxicity in sheep","volume":"33","author":"Assumaidaee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib4","first-page":"18","article-title":"Toxicity of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens): a review article","volume":"2","author":"Assumaidee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adv. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02261108","article-title":"Photosensitisation: a note of caution in the use of Brachiaria pastures\u2014a review","volume":"21","author":"Baber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095766","article-title":"Insect attraction versus plant defense: young leaves high in glucosinolates stimulate oviposition by a specialist herbivore despite poor larval survival due to high saponin content","volume":"9","author":"Badenes-Perez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2009.02.002","article-title":"Experimental Panicum miliaceum poisoning in sheep","volume":"82","author":"Badiei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2011.00355.x","article-title":"Haptoglobin and fibrinogen concentrations and leukocyte count in the clinical investigation of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep","volume":"40","author":"Bastos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12682","article-title":"Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: identifying research needs","volume":"65","author":"Beesley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2007000100007","article-title":"Crystal-associated cholangiopathy in sheep grazing Brachiaria decumbens containing the saponin protodioscin","volume":"27","author":"Brum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pesqui. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782008005000034","article-title":"Steroidal saponin concentrations in Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha at different developmental stages","volume":"39","author":"Brum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1987.tb09677.x","article-title":"Crystal\u2010associated cholangiohepatopathy and photosensitisation in lambs","volume":"64","author":"Button","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib13","first-page":"102","article-title":"Hepatic lesions in cattle grazing on Brachiaria decumbens in Mesetas, Meta (Colombia)","volume":"59","author":"Caicedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2017.12.001","article-title":"Sheep adaptation management, and investigation of inherited resistance to prevent Brachiaria spp. poisoning","volume":"158","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib15","series-title":"Brachiaria Spp. Poisoning in Sheep in Brazil: Experimental and Epidemiological Findings. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins and Related Toxins","first-page":"110","author":"Castro","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5366","DOI":"10.21897\/rmvz.603","article-title":"Clinical and histopathological study of the phototoxic dermatitis in Zebu calves in grazing of Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"21","author":"Cardona-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. MVZ C\u00f3rdoba"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.04.004","article-title":"Acute phase proteins in ruminants","volume":"75","author":"Ceciliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.733909x","article-title":"Endogenous toxins and mycotoxins in forage grasses and their effects on livestock","volume":"73","author":"Cheeke","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib19","series-title":"Saponins Used in Food and Agriculture","first-page":"377","article-title":"Biological effects of feed and forage saponins and their impacts on animal production","author":"Cheeke","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1641-4","article-title":"Can treatment of Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants? \u2014a review","volume":"50","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib21","first-page":"517","article-title":"Acute phase response in animals: a review","volume":"59","author":"Cray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870101300215","article-title":"Experimentally induced cholangiohepatopathy by dosing sheep with fractionated extracts from Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"13","author":"Cruz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.07.001","article-title":"Hepatic photosensitisation in buffaloes intoxicated by Brachiaria decumbens in Minas Gerais state, Brazil","volume":"73","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00276-8","article-title":"Study of experimentally induced lesions in sheep by grazing Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"40","author":"Driemeier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-3-35","article-title":"Acute phase protein response in an experimental model of ovine caseous lymphadenitis","volume":"3","author":"Eckersall","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.009","article-title":"Acute phase proteins: biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine","volume":"185","author":"Eckersall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-014-1949-z","article-title":"Lipoproteins profile, acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis","volume":"24","author":"El-Deeb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.008","article-title":"Poisoning by Brachiaria brizantha in flocks of na\u00efve and experienced sheep","volume":"82","author":"Faccin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib29","series-title":"Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxin, Proc. 8th. ISOPP.","first-page":"2","article-title":"Variation in saponin concentration in Brachiaria brizantha leaves as a function of maturation: preliminary data","author":"Ferreira","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1993.35764","article-title":"An attempt to reproduce crystal-associated cholangitis in lambs by the experimental dosing of sarsasapogenin or diosgenin alone and in combination with sporidesmin","volume":"41","author":"Fl\u00e5\u00f8yen","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib31","series-title":"Saponins Used in Food and Agriculture","first-page":"395","article-title":"Do steroidal saponins have of role in hepatogenous photosensitization diseases of sheep?","author":"Fl\u00e5\u00f8yen","year":"1996"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005860220462","article-title":"Metabolism of saponins from Narthecium ossifragum-a plant implicated in the aetiology of alveld, a hepatogenous photosensitization of sheep","volume":"21","author":"Fl\u00e5\u00f8yen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002725","article-title":"The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review","volume":"88","author":"Francis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2004.00683.x","article-title":"Lectin histochemistry of foam cells in tissues of cattle grazing Brachiaria spp","volume":"52","author":"Gomar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib35","first-page":"733","article-title":"Performance of sheep grazing in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum, and Andropogon gayanus with different protodioscin concentrations","volume":"46","author":"Gracindo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1991.tb03214.x","article-title":"Photosensitisation and crystal\u2010associated cholangiohepatopathy in sheep grazing Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"68","author":"Graydon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib37","first-page":"475","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of serum amyloid A, serum amyloid-P, C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-and TNF-a receptor in sheep and goat pneumonias","volume":"162","author":"Haligur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revue M\u00e9d. V\u00e9t"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib38","article-title":"Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview","author":"Iliev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bulg. J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1683-7","article-title":"Establishment of lung auscultation scoring method and responses of acute phase proteins and heat shock proteins in vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats","volume":"51","author":"Jesse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib40","series-title":"Plants Affecting the Skin and Liver. A Guide to Plant Poisoning of Animals","author":"Knight","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(93)90043-M","article-title":"Epi-sarsasapogenin and epi-smilagenin: two sapogenins isolated from the rumen content of sheep intoxicated by Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"58","author":"Lajis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2018.08.018","article-title":"Photosensitization in na\u00efve sheep grazing signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) under full sunlight or a silvopastoral system","volume":"169","author":"Lelis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib43","first-page":"45","article-title":"Weather and plant age affect the levels of steroidal saponin and Pithomyces chartarum spores in Brachiaria grass","volume":"2","author":"Lima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Poison. Plant. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20141305","article-title":"The effect of ensiling and haymaking on the concentrations of steroidal saponin in two Brachiaria grass species","volume":"45","author":"Lima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib45","first-page":"971","article-title":"Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) toxicity in grazing ruminants","volume":"5","author":"Low","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. For."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib46","first-page":"203","article-title":"Photosensitisation in goats grazed on Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"13","author":"Mazni","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mardi Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(01)00223-1","article-title":"Metabolism of diosgenin-derived saponins: implications for hepatogenous photosensitisation diseases in ruminants","volume":"91","author":"Meagher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-113","article-title":"Presence of an acute phase response in sheep with clinical classical scrapie","volume":"8","author":"Meling","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00021a026","article-title":"Identification of the calcium salt of epismilagenin. beta. -D-glucuronide in the bile crystals of sheep affected by Panicum dichotomiflorum and Panicum schinzii toxicoses","volume":"40","author":"Miles","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00030a015","article-title":"Identification of insoluble salts of the. beta. -D-glucuronides of episarsasapogenin and epismilagenin in the bile of lambs with alveld and examination of Narthecium ossifragum, Tribulus terrestris, and Panicum miliaceum for sapogenins","volume":"41","author":"Miles","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib51","first-page":"215","article-title":"Photosensitivity in South Africa. VII. Chemical composition of biliary crystals from a sheep with experimentally induced geeldikkop","volume":"61","author":"Miles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00026a025","article-title":"Isolation and structure elucidation of dichotomin, a furostanol saponin implicated in hepatogenous photosensitization of sheep grazing Panicum dichotomiflorum","volume":"41","author":"Munday","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(03)00119-9","article-title":"Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview","volume":"168","author":"Murata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859696004248","article-title":"New forage species for integration of sheep in rubber plantations","volume":"128","author":"Ng","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00402573","article-title":"Experimental Brachiaria decumbens toxicity in cattle","volume":"13","author":"Noordin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib56","first-page":"120","article-title":"Photosensitisation jaundice syndrome in West African Dwarf sheep and goats grazed on Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"19","author":"Opasina","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trop. Grassl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782001000200011","article-title":"Sulphur deficiency in dairy calves reared on pasture of Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"31","author":"Ortolani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib58","first-page":"57","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity in indigenous sheep of Malaysia stall-fed with different forms of Brachiaria decumbens","volume":"11","author":"Othman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31130-5","article-title":"Acute phase response of sheep: changes in the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and the major blood cell types associated with pulmonary damage","volume":"46","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(93)90108-R","article-title":"Acute phase protein response, food intake, liveweight change and lesions following intrathoracic injection of yeast in sheep","volume":"55","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2016000500005","article-title":"Identification of lamb flocks susceptible and resistant against Brachiaria poisoning","volume":"36","author":"Pupin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pesqui. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2011000300001","article-title":"Brachiaria spp. poisoning of ruminants in Brazil","volume":"31","author":"Riet-Correa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pesqui. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2016000500006","article-title":"Spontaneous poisoning by Brachiaria decumbens in goats","volume":"36","author":"Rosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pesqui. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.05.016","article-title":"Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins","volume":"94","author":"Sparg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.17221\/7478-VETMED","article-title":"Acute phase proteins and their use in the diagnosis of diseases in ruminants: a review","volume":"59","author":"Tothova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-006-3246-z","article-title":"Effect of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica infection on acute-phase proteins and some mineral levels in colostrum\u2013breast milk-fed or colostrum\u2013breast milk-deprived sheep","volume":"30","author":"Ulutas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-103","article-title":"Two major ruminant acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, as serum biomarkers during active sheep scab infestation","volume":"44","author":"Wells","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8093","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048053d","article-title":"The impact of saponins or saponin-containing plant materials on ruminant production \u2013 a review","volume":"53","author":"Wina","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010119309201?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010119309201?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:13:19Z","timestamp":1758575599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010119309201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0041010119309201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Filling the gap of Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) research on clinico-pathology and haemato-biochemistry in small ruminants: A review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.12.158","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}