{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:12:12Z","timestamp":1780521132184,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T20:33:31Z","timestamp":1590438811000},"page":"44-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of 3-nitropropionic acid on behavioral dysfunction, neuron loss and gliosis in the brain of adult male rats: The case of prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and the cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Torabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadjavad","family":"Joneidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-amin","family":"Abdollahifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysan","family":"Khatmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Ezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysam Hassani","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Rafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Kahrizirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Norozian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Aliaghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1062-x","article-title":"Sertoli cells avert neuroinflammation-induced cell death and improve motor function and striatal atrophy in rat model of Huntington disease","volume":"65","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.9.3767","article-title":"3-Nitropropionate, the toxic substance of Indigofera, is a suicide inactivator of succinate dehydrogenase","volume":"74","author":"Alston","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(96)00027-9","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid animal model and Huntington' s disease","volume":"21","author":"Borlongan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2014.09.003","article-title":"Huntington disease: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"33","author":"Dayalu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurologic Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9884-4","article-title":"Human umbilical cord matrix stem cells reverse oxidative stress-induced cell death and ameliorate motor function and striatal atrophy in rat model of Huntington disease","volume":"34","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicity Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691103","article-title":"Nature and distribution of brain lesions in rats intoxicated with 3-nitropropionic acid: a type of hypoxic (energy deficient) brain damage","volume":"72","author":"Hamilton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20140903012921","article-title":"Combination of lycopene, quercetin and poloxamer 188 alleviates anxiety and depression in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease in rats","volume":"3","author":"Jain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intercult Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib8","series-title":"Clinical Neuroscience","first-page":"91","article-title":"Chapter 8 - cellular mechanisms of neurological disease","author":"Johns","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-009-0105-2","article-title":"No spatial memory deficit exists in Kunming mice that recently recovered from motor defects following 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100032212","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid - exogenous animal neurotoxin and possible human striatal toxin","volume":"18","author":"Ludolph","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences\/Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.JNS14272","article-title":"Chronic gliosis and behavioral deficits in mice following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"121","author":"Mannix","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-09-03064.1997","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell death induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: acute excitotoxic necrosis and delayed apoptosis","volume":"17","author":"Pang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703869","article-title":"Orphenadrine prevents 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"132","author":"Pubill","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(98)00070-0","article-title":"Comparison of intrastriatal injections of quinolinic acid and 3-nitropropionic acid for use in animal models of Huntington's disease","volume":"22","author":"Shear","year":"1998","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.220104","article-title":"Neuroprotective potential of escitalopram against behavioral, mitochondrial and oxidative dysfunction induced by 3-nitropropionic acid","volume":"22","author":"Shetty","year":"2015","journal-title":"annals of neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199901)45:1<25::AID-ART6>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Biochemical abnormalities and excitotoxicity in Huntington's disease brain","volume":"45","author":"Tabrizi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15020878","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid as a tool to study the mechanisms involved in Huntington's disease: past, present and future","volume":"15","author":"T\u00fanez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib18","first-page":"311","article-title":"Protopanaxtriol protects against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in a rat model of Huntington's disease","volume":"36","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-010-8098-4","article-title":"Astrogliosis in CNS pathologies: is there A role for microglia?","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120302439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120302439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:19:51Z","timestamp":1777457991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010120302439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S0041010120302439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of 3-nitropropionic acid on behavioral dysfunction, neuron loss and gliosis in the brain of adult male rats: The case of prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and the cerebellum","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}