{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:43:39Z","timestamp":1782798219063,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000996","name":"Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T19:17:14Z","timestamp":1591211834000},"page":"39-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical importance of the Mandalay spitting cobra (Naja mandalayensis) in Upper Myanmar \u2013 Bites, envenoming and ophthalmia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"family":"Sai-Sein-Lin-Oo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Myat-Thet-Nwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Khin-Maung-Gyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Than-Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Mi-Mi-Khine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Myat-Myat-Thein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Myo-Thant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Pyae-Phyo-Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Oakkar-Kyaw-Khant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Aye-Zarchi-San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Du-Wun-Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Htay-Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"O'Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Afzal","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen Au","family":"Peh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Warrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Cross neutralization of cobra, Naja kaouthia antivenom manufactured by Myanmar Pharmaceutical factory with spitting cobra, N. mandalayensis venom","volume":"16","author":"Aye-Aye-Myint","year":"2004","journal-title":"Myanmar Health Sci. Res. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.02.023","article-title":"Venom ophthalmia caused by venoms of spitting elapid and other snakes: report of ten cases with review of epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology and management","volume":"1","author":"Chu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib3","first-page":"97","article-title":"A proposed standard system of counting ventrals in snakes","volume":"1","author":"Dowling","year":"1951","journal-title":"Br. J. Herpetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib4","first-page":"376","article-title":"Can a cobra eject its venom?","volume":"13","author":"Goring Jones","year":"1900","journal-title":"J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00035-4","article-title":"Cross-neutralisation of Thai cobra, Naja kaouthia and spitting cobra, Naja siamensis by Thai cobra antivenoms","volume":"11","author":"Khow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib6","series-title":"Dangerously Venomous Snakes of Myanmar","author":"Leviton","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Snakebite incidence in two townships in Mandalay Division, Myanmar","author":"Mahmood","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib8","series-title":"Health Statistics Data","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib9","series-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Snakebites","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5408.540","article-title":"Cobra bites","volume":"2","author":"Reid","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib11","first-page":"455","article-title":"Behaviour\/spitting","volume":"48","author":"Santra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Herpetol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.08.014","article-title":"Region-specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: a comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions","volume":"7","author":"Shashidharamurthy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib13","first-page":"257","article-title":"A new cobra (Elapidae: Naja) from Myanmar (Burma)","volume":"56","author":"Slowinski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1975.tb00732.x","article-title":"Quantitative handling of characters useful in snake systematics with particular reference to intraspecific variation in the Ringed Snake Natrix natrix (L.)","volume":"7","author":"Thorpe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib15","first-page":"42","article-title":"Venom ophthalmia following spitting of venom into the eyes by spitting cobra (Naja mandalyensis) in Myanmar","volume":"14","author":"Tun-Pe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Myanmar Health Sci. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2018.100002","article-title":"Twelve month prospective study of snakebite in a major teaching hospital in Mandalay, Myanmar; Myanmar Snakebite Project (MSP)","volume":"1","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib17","article-title":"An approach to managing a neglected, neglected tropical disease; the Myanmar snakebite project","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon XXX. Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib18","series-title":"Naja mandalayensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T192227A2058297","author":"Wogan","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00139-5","article-title":"Taxonomic changes and toxicology: systematic revisions of the Asiatic cobra, Naja naja species complex","volume":"34","author":"W\u00fcster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01945429","article-title":"Asiatic cobras: systematics and snakebite","volume":"47","author":"W\u00fcster","year":"1991","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib21","first-page":"424","article-title":"Dentitional phenomena in cobras revisited: spitting and fang structure in the Asiatic species of Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae)","volume":"48","author":"W\u00fcster","year":"1992","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1992.tb00658.x","article-title":"Population systematic of Russell's viper: a multivariate study","volume":"47","author":"W\u00fcster","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1997.tb01975.x","article-title":"Redescription of Naja siamensis (Serpentes: Elapidae), a widely overlooked spitting cobra from S.E. Asia: geographic variation, medical importance and designation of a neotype Zool","volume":"243","author":"W\u00fcster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lond"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120302543?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120302543?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:14:54Z","timestamp":1758575694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010120302543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0041010120302543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical importance of the Mandalay spitting cobra (Naja mandalayensis) in Upper Myanmar \u2013 Bites, envenoming and ophthalmia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.05.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}