{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T04:59:56Z","timestamp":1772081996558,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002660","name":"Islamic Azad University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T12:28:19Z","timestamp":1597667299000},"page":"175-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The anti-rabies activity of Caspian cobra venom"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Farzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Hayati Roodbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delavar","family":"Shahbazzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joad.2016.08.019","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute animal bite and the direct cost of rabies vaccination","volume":"5","author":"Babazadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acute Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Epidemiological patterns of animal bite patients under 10 year old, in Maku county, West Azerbaijan","volume":"37","author":"Barzkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. J. Tabriz Univ. Med. Sci. Health Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib3","series-title":"In Snake Venoms Part of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Book Series 52","first-page":"295","article-title":"Metal and nonprotein constituents in snake venoms","author":"Bieber","year":"1979"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90015-H","article-title":"Inhibition of Sendai virus by various snake venom","volume":"51","author":"Borkow","year":"1992","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992009000200003","article-title":"On the interference of clinical outcome on rabies transmission an perpetuation","volume":"15","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(85)90014-0","article-title":"Rabies virus binding at neuromuscular junctions","volume":"2","author":"Burrage","year":"1985","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00218-4","article-title":"The multiplicity of cardiotoxins from Naja naja atra (Taiwan cobra) venom","volume":"38","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3109\/08923979809034806","article-title":"Tumor regression of advanced carcinomas following intra-and\/or peri-tumoral inoculation with VRCTC-310 in humans: preliminary report of two cases","volume":"20","author":"Costa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0050-2","article-title":"Protein complexes in snake venom","volume":"66","author":"Doley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475514528174","article-title":"Human rabies in Iran","volume":"44","author":"Farahtaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop. Doct."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6915","article-title":"Secreted phospholipases A2, a new class of HIV inhibitors that block virus entry into host cells","volume":"104","author":"Fenard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(93)90375-S","article-title":"Possible mechanisms of action of cobra snake venom cardiotoxins and bee venom melittin","volume":"31","author":"Fletcher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21980","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208650200","article-title":"Structural basis of membrane-induced cardiotoxin A3 oligomerization","volume":"278","author":"Forouhar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.39143","article-title":"Therapeutic alternatives from venoms and toxins","volume":"39","author":"Gawade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12726-4","article-title":"Rabies virus modifies host behaviour through a snake-toxin like region of its glycoprotein that inhibits neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS","volume":"7","author":"Hueffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6315-0","article-title":"Snake venom components and their applications in biomedicine","volume":"63","author":"Koh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"5259","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590900427","article-title":"Rabies virus receptors","volume":"11","author":"Lafon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(84)90081-3","article-title":"Variation in yield and lethality of venoms from Iranian snakes","volume":"22","author":"Latifi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4529","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7053569","article-title":"Is the acetylcholine receptor a rabies virus receptor?","volume":"215","author":"Lentz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02877781","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prophylaxis","volume":"24","author":"Leung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Ther. Rabies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib22","first-page":"720","article-title":"Rabies virus entry at the neuromuscular junction in nerve\u2013muscle cocultures","volume":"23","author":"Lewis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve. Official J. American Assoc. Electrodiagnostic Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01358.x","article-title":"Snake venoms and hemostasis","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib24","series-title":"Current Laboratory Techniques in Rabies Diagnosis, Research and Prevention","isbn-type":"print","first-page":"83","article-title":"Direct fluorescent antibody test for rabies diagnosis","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Mayes","year":"2015","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9780128020128"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98607-2","article-title":"Identification of sequence segments forming the alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits from the avian brain","volume":"266","author":"McLane","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-6-25","article-title":"Hypothesis of snake and insect venoms against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a review","volume":"6","author":"Meenakshisundaram","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-4959(01)00473-0","article-title":"Biochemical composition, lethality and pathophysiology of venom from two cobras Naja naja and N. kaouthia","volume":"131","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.05.021","article-title":"Crotoxin and phospholipases A2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus showed antiviral activity against dengue and yellow fever viruses","volume":"59","author":"Muller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310756","article-title":"Sequence homology between HIV gp120, rabies virus glycoprotein, and snake venom neurotoxins","volume":"114","author":"Neri","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib31","series-title":"Toxins and Drug Discovery","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antiproliferative effects of snake venom phospholipases A2 and their perspectives for cancer treatment","author":"Osipov","year":"2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib32","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Snake venom as therapeutic agents: from toxin to drug development","volume":"40","author":"Pal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(03)00124-7","article-title":"Inhibitory potential of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom on measles virus growth","volume":"42","author":"Petricevich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib34","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Snake bite, snake venom, anti-venom and herbal antidote. A review","volume":"2","author":"Rita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib35","first-page":"387","article-title":"Mechanisms of virus resistance and antiviral activity of snake venoms","volume":"17","author":"Rivero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.360330612","article-title":"A model of the rabies virus glycoprotein active site","volume":"33","author":"Rustici","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib37","first-page":"66","article-title":"Epidemiological determinants of animal bite cases attending the anti-rabies clinic at VS General Hospital, Ahmedabad","volume":"3","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ind. Assoc. Prevent. Social Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib38","series-title":"Seminars in Virology","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies in the United States","author":"Smith","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)80165-7","article-title":"Both neurotoxin II from venom of Naja naja oxiana and its endogeneous analogue induce apoptosis in tumor cells","volume":"340","author":"Strizhkov","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.05.007","article-title":"Control of rabies: epidemiology of rabies in Asia and development of new-generation vaccines for rabies","volume":"30","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90008-N","article-title":"An application of tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay for the screening of anti-herpes simplex virus compounds","volume":"33","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9090290","article-title":"Review and database of snake venom proteomes","volume":"9","author":"Tasoulis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01454-6","article-title":"Snake and snail toxins acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: fundamental aspects and medical applications","volume":"557","author":"Tsetlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-56-2-371","article-title":"Entry of rabies virus into the peripheral nerves of mice","volume":"56","author":"Watson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050382","article-title":"Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma","volume":"352","author":"Willoughby","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014_bib46","series-title":"Rabies","first-page":"17","article-title":"Chapter 2 - rabies virus","author":"Wunner","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101012030355X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101012030355X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:16:57Z","timestamp":1758575817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004101012030355X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S004101012030355X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The anti-rabies activity of Caspian cobra venom","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}