{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:25:20Z","timestamp":1779143120121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"JETEMA Co., Ltd.","award":["20181351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20181351"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002460","name":"Chung-Ang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T21:14:36Z","timestamp":1599686076000},"page":"163-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-term efficacy and safety of a new botulinum toxin type A preparation in mouse gastrocnemius muscle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Jungtae","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Ji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Sun","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bum Jin","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beom Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.03.011","article-title":"Extensive myofascial necrosis: a delayed complication of botulinum toxin therapy","volume":"16","author":"Agaba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00101-5","article-title":"A comparison of the safety margins of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and F in mice","volume":"39","author":"Aoki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.1999.tb00032.x","article-title":"Preclinical update on BOTOX\u00ae(botulinum toxin type A)\u2010purified neurotoxin complex relative to other botulinurn neurotoxin preparations","volume":"6","author":"Aoki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13151","article-title":"A comparison study of prabotulinumtoxinA vs onabotulinumtoxinA in myostatin\u2010deficient mice with muscle hypertrophy","volume":"124","author":"Bak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31823caae1","article-title":"Botulinum toxin a treatment in children with cerebral palsy: its effects on walking and energy expenditure","volume":"91","author":"Balaban","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4645","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7114645","article-title":"Questionnaire about the adverse events and side effects following botulinum toxin A treatment in patients with cerebral palsy","volume":"7","author":"Blaszczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib7","first-page":"121","article-title":"Effects of repeated botulinum toxin injections on orbicularis oculi muscle","volume":"12","author":"Borodic","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neuro Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(1997)6+<146::AID-MUS10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Botulinum toxin: chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology","volume":"20","author":"Brin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve: Off. J. Am. Assoc. Electrodiagnostic Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870020402","article-title":"Localized injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm","volume":"2","author":"Brin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Movement Disorder Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.004","article-title":"The rat Digit Abduction Score (DAS) assay: a physiological model for assessing botulinum neurotoxin-induced skeletal muscle paralysis","volume":"71","author":"Broide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7062321","article-title":"Pain relief in cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin treatment","volume":"7","author":"Camargo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21343","article-title":"Assay of diffusion of different botulinum neurotoxin type a formulations injected in the mouse leg","volume":"40","author":"Carli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve: Off. J. Am. Assoc. Electrodiagnostic Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12071","article-title":"Comparative study of biological activity of four botulinum toxin type A preparations in mice","volume":"39","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.06.011","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A injections: adverse events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases","volume":"53","author":"Cot\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.13.4544","article-title":"Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) accumulates in denervated and paralyzed skeletal muscles","volume":"82","author":"Covault","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201402079","article-title":"Asynchronous remodeling is a driver of failed regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"207","author":"Dadgar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01648.x","article-title":"The structure and mode of action of different botulinum toxins","volume":"13","author":"Dolly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12144","article-title":"The use of Botulinum toxin\u2010A injection for facial wrinkles: a histological and immunohistochemical evaluation","volume":"14","author":"El\u2010Domyati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2147\/BTT.S14902","article-title":"Complexing proteins in botulinum toxin type A drugs: a help or a hindrance?","volume":"4","author":"Frevert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Targets & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib20","series-title":"The Effect of Dilution with 10% Dextrose Solution on the Potency of Botulinum Toxin A","author":"Ham","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8030059","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of overactive bladder","volume":"8","author":"Hsieh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.8.633","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm","volume":"53","author":"Jankovic","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12070","article-title":"A pharmacodynamic comparison study of different botulinum toxin type a preparations","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00210-5","article-title":"The journey of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins in neurons","volume":"11","author":"Lalli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120637","article-title":"Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to intramuscular botulinum toxin type A injection","volume":"12","author":"Lewitt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2004196","article-title":"Fatal case of BOTOX\u00ae-related anaphylaxis?","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0378-9","article-title":"A randomised, double-blind, dose-ranging study to evaluate efficacy and safety of three doses of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) for the treatment of spastic foot","volume":"26","author":"Mancini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13108","article-title":"First case of anaphylaxis after botulinum toxin type A injection","volume":"42","author":"Moon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90170-3","article-title":"Nerve dependent regulation of neural cell adhesion molecule expression in skeletal muscle","volume":"18","author":"Moore","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.60343","article-title":"Botulinum toxin","volume":"55","author":"Nigam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib31","first-page":"184","article-title":"Calculation of LD50 values from the method of Miller and Tainter, 1944","volume":"21","author":"Randhawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7072615","article-title":"Treatment of chronic migraine with Focus on botulinum neurotoxins","volume":"7","author":"Schaefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35127-0","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery","volume":"87","author":"Scott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(03)00019-6","article-title":"Development of botulinum toxin therapy","volume":"22","author":"Scott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.07.013","article-title":"Establishment of alternative potency test for botulinum toxin type A using compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in rats","volume":"90","author":"Torii","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120303858?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120303858?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:17:32Z","timestamp":1758575852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010120303858"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0041010120303858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term efficacy and safety of a new botulinum toxin type A preparation in mouse gastrocnemius muscle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}