{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T19:50:47Z","timestamp":1778701847408,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T19:22:56Z","timestamp":1603999376000},"page":"142-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Severe hypofibrinogenemia in patients bitten by Gloydius tsushimaensis in Tsushima Island, Nagasaki, Japan, and treatment strategy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Hideto","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Magome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadanori","family":"Nagayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Tawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taizo","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Yasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeru","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9409-17","article-title":"Clinical condition and management of 114 mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) bites in a general hospital in Japan","volume":"57","author":"Chiba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib2","first-page":"108567","article-title":"Clinical implications of coagulotoxic variations in mamushi (viperidae: Gloydius) snake venoms. Comparative biochemistry and physiology, Part C","volume":"225","author":"Debono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Pharmacol Nov"},{"issue":"105","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2014.01.019","article-title":"Proteomic and biochemical analyses of short-tailed pit viper (Gloydius brevicaudus) venom: age-related variation and composition-activity correlation","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra013477","article-title":"Bites of venomous snakes","volume":"347","author":"Gold","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-014-0044-5","article-title":"Effect of antivenom therapy of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Yamakagashi snake) bites","volume":"2","author":"Hifumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-015-0081-8","article-title":"Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Hifumi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib8","first-page":"33","article-title":"The clinical examination of mamushi bite 40 patients","volume":"5","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J JPN Soc Surg infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5358\/hsj1972.15.3_101","article-title":"A new snake of genus Agkistrodon\uff08serpentes: viperidae\uff09from tsushima island, nagasaki prefecture, Japan","volume":"15","author":"Isogawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"JPN J Herpetology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128173","article-title":"Studies on snake venoms. XVII. Properties of the bradykinin releasing enzyme in the venom of Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii","volume":"58","author":"Iwanaga","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib11","first-page":"928","article-title":"Characterization of the bradykinin releasing enzyme in the venom of Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii as salivary kallikrein of the snake","volume":"349","author":"Iwanaga","year":"1968","journal-title":"Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib12","first-page":"378","article-title":"Initial management of viper bite: a report of two severe cases","volume":"8","author":"Kaneko","year":"2005","journal-title":"JJSEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01897966","article-title":"Structure of bradykinin-potentiating peptide containing tryptophan from the venom of Agkistrodon halys blom- hoffii","volume":"26","author":"Kato","year":"1970","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.2336\/nishinihonhifu.77.584","article-title":"Clinical study of 81 cases of \u201cmamushi\u201d viper bite during the past 11 years","volume":"77","author":"Kimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nishinihon J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400120065026","article-title":"Envenomation by the Eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius). A study of 39 victims","volume":"258","author":"Kitchens","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib16","first-page":"527","article-title":"Clinical study of 31 cases of \u201cMamushi\u201d viper bite","volume":"58","author":"Kohashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hiroshima Med Ass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.13.43","article-title":"Studies on the quantitative method for determi-nation of hemorrhagic activity of Habu snake venom","volume":"13","author":"Kondo","year":"1960","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib18","first-page":"243","article-title":"A study of antivenin theraphy and cepharanthin therapy for mamushi bite","volume":"20","author":"Kosaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Jap. J. intensive care medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib19","first-page":"223","article-title":"Habu-bite","volume":"20","author":"Miyagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib20","first-page":"749","article-title":"Effect of biscoclaurin alkaloids of the biomembrane system and its action mechanisms Part I. Inhibitory effects of cepharanthine on the K(+)-release after the injury to cell membrane","volume":"89","author":"Miyahara","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Okayama Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.05.003","article-title":"Discovery of a novel vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with no affinity to heparin in G. tsushimaensise venom","volume":"86","author":"Nakamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519870012","article-title":"Effectiveness of repeated antivenom therapy for snakebite-related systemic complications","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib25","first-page":"1911","volume":"27","author":"Sakai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib26","first-page":"193","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of snakebite by mamushi and yamakagashi","volume":"26","author":"Sakai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Toxicol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib27","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Mamushi (viper) bite in kensei general hospital","volume":"40","author":"Sakio","year":"1985","journal-title":"J JPN Surg Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000435","article-title":"Low-dose adrenaline, promethazine, and hydrocortisone in the prevention of acute adverse reactions to antivenom following snakebite: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib29","series-title":"Health and Welfare Science Research. Research on Efficient Manufacturing and Quality Control of Antitoxin Formulations Accompanied by WHO Guidelines: Revision for Snake Venom Enzymes","author":"Takahashi","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib30","first-page":"753","article-title":"Analysis of viper bites by the national survey","volume":"17","author":"Taki","year":"2014","journal-title":"JJSEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib31","first-page":"48","article-title":"Analysis of 38 Mamushi pit viper bite cases where patients did not receive serum antitoxin","volume":"28","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"JJAAM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61754-2","article-title":"Snake bite","volume":"375","author":"Warrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib33","series-title":"Mamushi Bites. Today's Therapy","first-page":"127","author":"Watanabe","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027_bib34","first-page":"89","article-title":"Global snake bite initiative working group; international society on toxinology","volume":"375","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Global Snake Bite Initiative: an antidote for snake bite. Lancet"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120304372?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010120304372?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:17:03Z","timestamp":1758575823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010120304372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0041010120304372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Severe hypofibrinogenemia in patients bitten by Gloydius tsushimaensis in Tsushima Island, Nagasaki, Japan, and treatment strategy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}