{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:21:53Z","timestamp":1775175713261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T10:46:24Z","timestamp":1649501184000},"page":"49-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fashionably late: A characterization of late coagulopathies in rattlesnake envenomations between Fab and F(ab\u2019)2 antivenoms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7975-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Dudley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Smelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thom","family":"Maciulewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Cardwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farshad Mazda","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.05.012","article-title":"Intracranial haemorrhages associated with venom induced consumption coagulopathy in Australian snakebites (ASP-21)","volume":"102","author":"Berling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200093060-00003","article-title":"Recurrent coagulopathy after antivenom treatment of crotalid snakebite","volume":"93","author":"Bogdan","year":"2000","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.7.706","article-title":"Recurrent and persistent coagulopathy following pit viper envenomation","volume":"159","author":"Boyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.07.018","article-title":"Subacute coagulopathy in a randomized, comparative trial of Fab and F(ab')2 antivenoms","volume":"74","author":"Boyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.974263","article-title":"Comparison of F(ab')2 versus Fab antivenom for pit viper envenomation: a prospective, blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Bush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1021\/pr900249q","article-title":"Exploring the venom proteome of the western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, via snake venomics and combinatorial peptide ligand library approaches","volume":"8","author":"Calvete","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2020.1834219","article-title":"2019 annual report of the American association of poison control centers' national poison data system (NPDS): 37th annual report","volume":"58","author":"Gummin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.579","article-title":"Clinical significance of venom antigen levels in patients envenomed by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma)","volume":"35","author":"Ho","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254053","article-title":"Snakebite doesn't cause disseminated intravascular coagulation: coagulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy in snake envenoming","volume":"36","author":"Isbister","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8100284","article-title":"Metalloproteases affecting blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation from snake venoms: definition and nomenclature of interaction sites","volume":"8","author":"Kini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161198","article-title":"Fatality in a case of envenomation by Crotalus adamanteus initially successfully treated with polyvalent ovine antivenom followed by recurrence of defibrinogenation syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Kitchens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.09.004","article-title":"Ammodytagin, a heterodimeric metalloproteinase from Vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom with strong hemorrhagic activity","volume":"58","author":"Kurtovi\u0107","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.07.061","article-title":"A new F(ab\u02b9)2 antivenom for the treatment of crotaline envenomation in children","volume":"34","author":"Lasoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-11-2","article-title":"Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States: results of an evidence-informed consensus workshop","volume":"11","author":"Lavonas","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003220","article-title":"Current treatment for venom-induced consumption coagulopathy resulting from snakebite","volume":"8","author":"Maduwage","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.08.002","article-title":"Comparison of F(ab')2 and Fab antivenoms in rattlesnake envenomation: first year's post-marketing experience with F(ab\u2019)2 in New Mexico","volume":"186","author":"Mascarenas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.02.035","article-title":"Venom variability and envenoming severity outcomes of the Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) from Southern Arizona","volume":"75","author":"Massey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2019.03.006","article-title":"Rattlesnake venom-induced recurrent coagulopathy in first trimester pregnant women\u2013Two Cases","volume":"163","author":"Moore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-100103499","article-title":"Fatal cerebral hemorrhage and acute renal failure after young Bothrops jararacussu snake bite","volume":"23","author":"Pinho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4514","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.9.4514","article-title":"Venom coagglutinin: an activator of platelet aggregation dependent on von Willebrand factor","volume":"75","author":"Read","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00330-6","article-title":"The efficacy of two antivenoms against the venom of north American snakes","volume":"41","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.113135","article-title":"Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations: Part 1. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunoglobulin antivenoms and related antibodies","volume":"37","author":"Seifert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70110-0","article-title":"Relationship of venom effects to venom antigen and antivenom serum concentrations in a patient with Crotalus atrox envenomation treated with a Fab antivenom","volume":"30","author":"Seifert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650902870277","article-title":"AAPCC database characterization of native U.S. venomous snake exposures, 2001\u20132005","volume":"47","author":"Seifert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642776","article-title":"Comparison of the platelet aggregation induced by three thrombin-like enzymes of snake venoms and thrombin","volume":"59","author":"Teng","year":"1988","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ht7030019","article-title":"Venomics: a mini-review","volume":"7","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"High-throughput"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(91)90008-K","article-title":"External Na+ is not required for Ca2+ mobilization in platelets stimulated with rattlesnake lectin or \u03b1-thrombin","volume":"64","author":"Wilson-Byl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207782023775","article-title":"Snake venom components affecting blood coagulation and the vascular system: structural similarities and marked diversity","volume":"13","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmaceut. Des."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010122000885?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010122000885?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:20:40Z","timestamp":1758576040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010122000885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0041010122000885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fashionably late: A characterization of late coagulopathies in rattlesnake envenomations between Fab and F(ab\u2019)2 antivenoms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.03.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}