{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T13:56:25Z","timestamp":1781272585470,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014382","name":"Ipsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T10:46:49Z","timestamp":1649501209000},"page":"34-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The distribution of neuromuscular junctions depends on muscle pennation, when botulinum neurotoxin receptors and SNAREs expression are uniform in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Denis","family":"Carr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousra","family":"Kouidri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Norlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Lagarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-4058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"Lezmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12429","article-title":"3D imaging of cleared human skin biopsies using light-sheet microscopy: a new way to visualize in-depth skin structure","volume":"24","author":"Abadie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010487","article-title":"Fluorescent staining of acetylcholine receptors in vertebrate skeletal muscle","volume":"237","author":"Anderson","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib3","volume":"vol. 7","author":"Aquilonius","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.08.001","article-title":"Clinical differences between botulinum neurotoxin type A and B","volume":"107","author":"Bentivoglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.004","article-title":"The rat Digit Abduction Score (DAS) assay: a physiological model for assessing botulinum neurotoxin-induced skeletal muscle paralysis","volume":"71","author":"Broide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib6","series-title":"2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR\u201905). Presented at the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR\u201905)","first-page":"60","article-title":"A non-local algorithm for image denoising","author":"Buades","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.053348","article-title":"Retrograde influence of muscle fibers on their innervation revealed by a novel marker for slow motoneurons","volume":"137","author":"Chakkalakal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.3200","article-title":"Functional repair of motor endplates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals","volume":"96","author":"de Paiva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.446","article-title":"A comparison of biological activity of commercially available purified native botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A1 to F1 in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Donald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7124887","article-title":"Snake and spider toxins induce a rapid recovery of function of botulinum neurotoxin paralysed neuromuscular junction","volume":"7","author":"Duregotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau7196","article-title":"Engineered botulinum neurotoxin B with improved binding to human receptors has enhanced efficacy in preclinical models","volume":"5","author":"Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10050208","article-title":"The expanding therapeutic utility of botulinum neurotoxins","volume":"10","author":"Fonfria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.04.030","article-title":"Botulinum toxin dilution and endplate targeting in spasticity: a double-blind controlled study","volume":"90","author":"Gracies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27072","article-title":"Botulinum toxin: state of the art: botulinum toxin","volume":"32","author":"Jankovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05387","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin B recognizes its protein receptor with high affinity and specificity","volume":"444","author":"Jin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02346379","article-title":"Synaptotagmin II immunoreactivity in normal and botulinum type-A treated mouse motor nerve terminals","volume":"431","author":"Juzans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.11.018","article-title":"Botulinum toxin has an increased effect when targeted toward the muscle's endplate zone: a high-density surface EMG guided study","volume":"122","author":"Lapatki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90528-2","article-title":"Synaptotagmin I is present mainly in autonomic and sensory neurons of the rat peripheral nervous system","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.10079","article-title":"A hybrid 3D watershed algorithm incorporating gradient cues and object models for automatic segmentation of nuclei in confocal image stacks","volume":"56A","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.201939","article-title":"The role of Synaptobrevin1\/VAMP1 in Ca 2+ -triggered neurotransmitter release at the mouse neuromuscular junction: synaptobrevin1 in neuromuscular synaptic function","volume":"589","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.074","article-title":"The synaptic vesicle protein 2C mediates the uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A into phrenic nerves","volume":"580","author":"Mahrhold","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13228","article-title":"Morphological variability is greater at developing than mature mouse neuromuscular junctions","volume":"237","author":"Mech","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","article-title":"A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms","volume":"9","author":"Otsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.857","article-title":"Recombinant botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 in vivo characterization","volume":"9","author":"P\u00e9rier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.116.012658","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxins: biology, pharmacology, and toxicology","volume":"69","author":"Pirazzini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.02.006","article-title":"Neuronal selectivity of botulinum neurotoxins","volume":"178","author":"Poulain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.10.010","article-title":"The binding of botulinum neurotoxins to different peripheral neurons","volume":"147","author":"Rossetto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3295","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxins: genetic, structural and mechanistic insights","volume":"12","author":"Rossetto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/359832a0","article-title":"Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin","volume":"359","author":"Schiavo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21596","article-title":"VAMP2 is expressed in myogenic cells during rat development","volume":"237","author":"Tajika","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Dynam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib31","article-title":"VAMP2 is expressed in muscle satellite cells and up-regulated during muscle regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Tajika","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.09.005","article-title":"Quantitative determination of biological activity of botulinum toxins utilizing compound muscle action potentials (CMAP), and comparison of neuromuscular transmission blockage and muscle flaccidity among toxins","volume":"55","author":"Torii","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00011","article-title":"Distinct effects of ubiquitin overexpression on NMJ structure and motor performance in mice expressing catalytically inactive USP14","volume":"8","author":"Vaden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.28729","article-title":"Spatial distribution of motor endplates and its adaptive change in skeletal muscle","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010122000976?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010122000976?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:20:47Z","timestamp":1758576047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010122000976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0041010122000976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The distribution of neuromuscular junctions depends on muscle pennation, when botulinum neurotoxin receptors and SNAREs expression are uniform in the rat","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}