{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:43:15Z","timestamp":1794030195948,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T21:11:51Z","timestamp":1746738711000},"page":"108385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Venom composition of Tityus cerroazul (Scorpiones: Buthidae) reveals similarities with venoms of other scorpion species from northern South America"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7403-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3975-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Mack-Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0263-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleodoro","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5385-4606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Chang-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0118-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmood","family":"Sasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v24i1.1247","article-title":"Aspectos toxinol\u00f3gicos e inmunoqu\u00edmicos del veneno del escorpi\u00f3n Tityus pachyurus Pocock de Colombia: capacidad neutralizante de venenos producidos en Latinoam\u00e9rica","volume":"24","author":"Barona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2005.08.010","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the venom and characterization of toxins specific for Na+- and K+-channels from the Colombian scorpion Tityus pachyurus","volume":"1764","author":"Barona","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500525","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of Tityus discrepans scorpion venom and amino acid sequence of novel toxins","volume":"6","author":"Batista","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib6","series-title":"Venom Genomics and Proteomics","first-page":"81","article-title":"Phylogenetics of scorpions of medical importance","author":"Borges","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib7","first-page":"269","article-title":"Pancreatic toxicity in mice elicited by Tityus zulianus and Tityus discrepans scorpion venoms","volume":"45","author":"Borges","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992012000200002","article-title":"Scorpionism in Central America, with special reference to the case of Panama","volume":"18","author":"Borges","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105346","article-title":"Venom diversity in the Neotropical scorpion genus Tityus: implications for antivenom design emerging from molecular and immunochemical analyses across endemic areas of scorpionism","volume":"204","author":"Borges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011057","article-title":"The nociceptive response induced by different classes of Tityus serrulatus neurotoxins: the important role of Ts5 in venom-induced nociception","volume":"17","author":"Cerni","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193739","article-title":"Proteomic endorsed transcriptomic profiles of venom glands from Tityus obscurus and T. serrulatus scorpions","volume":"13","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14040248","article-title":"The enzymatic core of scorpion venoms","volume":"14","author":"Delgado-Prudencio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-022-10476-0","article-title":"Venomics of the scorpion Tityus ocelote (Scorpiones, Buthidae): understanding venom evolution in the subgenus Archaeotityus","volume":"29","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Res. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.06.014","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of six novel peptides from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom. A fluorescent probe study of microbial membrane Na+ permeability changes","volume":"54","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.06.003","article-title":"Ability of horse anti-Tityus discrepans F(ab')2 ELISA assay to recognize Tityus discrepans venom toxins","volume":"88","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16080327","article-title":"Venomics of scorpion Ananteris platnicki (Louren\u00e7o, 1993), a new World buthid that inhabits Costa Rica and Panama","volume":"16","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650601005787","article-title":"Antigenic cross-reactivity between sixteen venoms from scorpions belonging to six genera","volume":"45","author":"D\u2032Suze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2009.05.005","article-title":"Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of genes from a cDNA library of the scorpion Tityus discrepans","volume":"91","author":"D\u2032Suze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.107031","article-title":"Proteomic profile of the venom of three dark-colored Tityus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from the tropical rainforests of Costa Rica","volume":"248","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib18","first-page":"53","article-title":"Abundancia y diversidad de escorpiones, seg\u00fan la temporada, en el Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, Panam\u00e1","volume":"6","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Visi\u00f3n Antataura"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030478","article-title":"Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Tityus pachyurus and Tityus obscurus novel putative Na+-Channel scorpion toxins","volume":"7","author":"Guerrero-Vargas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.11.001","article-title":"Novel components of Tityus serrulatus venom: a transcriptomic approach","volume":"189","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.185","article-title":"An overview of Tityus cisandinus scorpion venom: transcriptome and mass fingerprinting reveal conserved toxin homologs across the Amazon region and novel lipolytic components","volume":"225","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.5962\/p.326715","article-title":"Tityus cerroazul, nouvelle esp\u00e8ce de Scorpion de Panama (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"8","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bulletin du Mus\u00e9um national d'histoire naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, biologie et \u00e9cologie animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib23","first-page":"55","article-title":"Nouvelle proposition de d\u00e9coupage sous-g\u00e9n\u00e9rique du genre Tityus C.L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"39","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bol. SEA (Soc. Entomo\u00f3gica Aragon.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-015-0016-9","article-title":"What do we know about some of the most conspicuous scorpion species of the genus Tityus? A historical approach","volume":"21","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib25","first-page":"107","article-title":"Contribution a la connaissance Syt\u00e9smatique des scorpions appartenant au \u201ccomplexe\u201d Tityus bolivianus Kraepelin 1895 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"6","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev. Arachnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib26","first-page":"106","volume":"vol. 152","author":"Martin-Eauclaire","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2023.107125","article-title":"On the noxious black Amazonian Scorpion, Tityus obscurus (Scorpiones, Buthidae): taxonomic notes, biology, medical importance and envenoming treatment","volume":"228","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib28","series-title":"Efecto de la fragmentaci\u00f3n de h\u00e1bitat sobre las comunidades de escorpiones (Arachnida) en Panam\u00e1 (tesis)","first-page":"246","author":"Miranda","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib29","first-page":"197","article-title":"A new species of Tityus from Panama and Costa Rica previously identified as Tityus pachyurus Pocock, 1897 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)","volume":"37","author":"Miranda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. I\u00e9rica Aracnolo\u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9500","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00686","article-title":"Head-to-tail cyclization after interaction with trypsin: a scorpion venom peptide that resembles plant cyclotides","volume":"63","author":"Mour\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib31","first-page":"75","article-title":"Estudio monogr\u00e1fico de los escorpiones de la Rep\u00fablica Argentina","volume":"11","author":"Ojanguren-Affilastro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. I\u00e9rica Aracnolo\u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2017.02.018","article-title":"Dated phylogenetic studies of the southernmost American buthids (Scorpiones; Buthidae)","volume":"110","author":"Ojanguren-Affilastro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.12.012","article-title":"Antarease-like Zn-metalloproteases are ubiquitous in the venom of different scorpion genera","volume":"1840","author":"Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08808.x","article-title":"Subtype specificity interaction of bactridines with mammalian, insect and bacterial sodium channels under voltage clamp conditions","volume":"279","author":"Peigneur","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7072534","article-title":"Revealing the function and the structural model of Ts4: insights into the \u201cnon-toxic\u201d toxin from Tityus serrulatus venom","volume":"7","author":"Pucca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib36","first-page":"121","article-title":"Tityus cerroazul Louren\u00e7o (Scorpiones: Buthidae): Nueva sinonimia, notas sobre su biolog\u00eda, nuevos registros de distribuci\u00f3n en Panam\u00e1, descripci\u00f3n del macho previamente desconocido y picadura mortal de un ni\u00f1o","volume":"9","author":"Quintero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tecnociencia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.02.011","article-title":"Macrophage alteration induced by inflammatory toxins isolated from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom. The role of Na+\/Ca2+ exchangers","volume":"82","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Bello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.11.013","article-title":"Venoms of Centruroides and Tityus species from Panama and their main toxic fractions","volume":"141","author":"Salazar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2021.100090","article-title":"Heterologous expression of four recombinant toxins from Panamanian scorpions of the genus Tityus and Centruroides for production of antivenom","volume":"13","author":"Salazar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicon X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Redescription of Tityus pictus pocock, 1893 and Tityus smithii pocock, 1893, with notes on the Tityus species from the lesser Antilles (Scorpiones: Buthidae)","volume":"125","author":"Teruel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euscorpius"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"A checklist of the scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Panama, with two new records","volume":"133","author":"Teruel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euscorpius"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib42","first-page":"93","article-title":"Presencia de Tityus cerroazul LOUREN\u00c7O, 1986 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) en Costa Rica y descripci\u00f3n del macho","volume":"36","author":"V\u00edquez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bol. Soc. Entomo\u00f3gica Aragon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medically important scorpions associated with urban forests in Panama City","volume":"22","author":"Youngs-Mitre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotempo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.079","article-title":"CAP superfamily proteins from venomous animals: who we are and what to do?","volume":"221","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9030081","article-title":"Electrophysiological characterization of the antarease metalloprotease from Tityus serrulatus venom","volume":"9","author":"Zornetta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins"}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101012500159X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004101012500159X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T21:53:40Z","timestamp":1748642020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004101012500159X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S004101012500159X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Venom composition of Tityus cerroazul (Scorpiones: Buthidae) reveals similarities with venoms of other scorpion species from northern South America","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108385","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108385"}}